Many bacterial pathogens can invade non-phagocytic cells and survive within a membrane-bound vacuole. However, few pathogens are able to escape the vacuoles and proliferate in the host cell cytosol. In this Review, Tang and colleagues discuss the mechanisms by which these pathogens enter the cytosol, obtain nutrients and subvert host immune responses.
- Katrina Ray
- Benoit Marteyn
- Christoph M. Tang
