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Kinematic measurements of the Perseus galaxy cluster reveal two drivers of gas motions: a small-scale driver in the inner core associated with black-hole feedback and a large-scale driver in the outer core powered by mergers.

XRISM observations show the presence of odd-numbered elements chlorine and potassium in Cas A. These findings suggest that stellar activity plays an important role in cosmic chemical evolution, enriching space with elements vital for planets and life.

Authors present results from a national surveillance in Japan that found MRSA strains causing bloodstream infections are predominantly from three clonal lineages. They also identified the emergence of highest 30-day-mortality MRSA clone ST764-SCCmecII and traced its evolutionary path.

The XRISM Resolve spectrum of the galactic neutron star X-ray binary, GX 13+1, reveals one of the densest winds ever seen in absorption lines.

Reversible chirality switching and memory is demonstrated in a helical polyacetylene. Both the helicity of the polymer backbone and the axial chirality of the side chains contribute to the memory effect. When used to produce a chiral stationary phase for a chromatographic enantiomer resolution it was possible to switch the elution order under identical chromatographic conditions.

Observations of a luminous quasar from the high-resolution spectrometer Resolve aboard XRISM revealed highly inhomogeneous wind structure outflowing from a supermassive black hole, which probably consists of up to a million clumps.

X-ray spectroscopic observations of the Centaurus galaxy cluster with the X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission satellite show that the hot gas flows along the line of sight relative to the central galaxy.

L-Alanine-based polyisocyanides bearing oligothiophene (OT) pendants were synthesized and the influence of the OT pendants on the helix-forming abilities of the polymers was investigated. The polyisocyanide possessing quinquethiophene units with two n-hexyl chains readily formed a right-handed helical conformation with a helical array of the OT pendants biased by the chirality of the L-alanine residues. This study revealed that the simultaneous interactions of the π–π stacking and the hydrogen bonding between the pendants are required to arrange the OT units into a helically twisted manner along the backbone.

X-ray observations of the core of the Perseus cluster reveal a remarkably quiescent atmosphere in which the gas has a line-of-sight velocity dispersion of about 164 kilometres per second in the region 30–60 kiloparsecs from the central nucleus; turbulent pressure support in the gas is four per cent of the thermodynamic pressure, necessitating only a small correction to the total cluster mass determined from hydrostatic equilibrium.

High-resolution X-ray spectra show near-solar abundances of chromium, manganese and nickel with respect to iron in the Perseus cluster, suggesting that the progenitors of type Ia supernovae could be near- and sub-Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarfs.

Adding rod-like low-mass molecules (LMs) increases the elastic modulus of polycarbonate (PC). The anisotropy of the rotational dynamics of rod-like LMs in PC was investigated by dielectric relaxation and dynamic mechanical analysis. Two rotations of the LM around the short and long axes were separately observed at 80 °C and −100 °C, respectively. The rotation of the LM around the short axis was cooperative with the local dynamics of PC and. In contrast, the rotational motion around the long axis was independent of PC motions.

Photoisomerization of doped azobenzene (AB) caused “photoinduced plasticization” effects such as reductions in the glass transition temperature (T_g) and Young’s modulus of the matrix polymer. The mechanism of the reduction in T_g and Young’s modulus of polycarbonate (PC) was investigated by comparing the two values with the characteristic times of the isomerization reactions. The sum of the characteristic times of trans→cis and cis→trans conversion is related to the repeating isomerization rate. The faster repeating isomerization enhanced the free volume of PC, resulting in the reduction in T_g and Young’s modulus.

We have observed a unique amplification of the helical-sense excess (majority rule effect) of dynamic helical, liquid-crystalline (LC) poly(phenylacetylene)s bearing non-racemic D- and L-alanine residues as the pendant groups in a dilute solution, in the cholesteric LC state and a two-dimensional crystal on substrate. The preferred-handed helical-sense and handedness excess of the copolymers in a dilute solution were sensitive to the solvent polarity and temperature, and amplification of the helical-sense excess was significantly affected by the solvents.