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A new study in Drosophila reveals that epithelial tissue regeneration after radiation-induced massive apoptosis is driven by compensatory proliferation of two apoptosis-resistant cell populations via a nonapoptotic function of the initiator caspase.

Analyzing the effects of multiple promoter motifs on gene expression can be a laborious process. Sharon et al. present a high-throughput method to measure the expression of thousands of designed yeast promoters in a single experiment and use it to reveal new features of transcriptional regulation.

Mitochondria are maternally inherited, but the mechanisms underlying paternal mitochondrial elimination remain unclear. Here, the authors show that Drosophila eggs rapidly degrade paternal mitochondria after fertilization by triggering an innate immunity pathway commonly employed against invading microbes.

At early time points after vaccination with a single dose or two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections can be disproportionately caused by the B.1.1.7 or B.1.351 variants of concern, underlining the need to ensure rapid and complete vaccination.

Protein imaging is multiplexed using combinatorial staining and deep learning decompression.

Caspase independent alternative cell death (ACD) pathways exist, but have been largely investigated under non-physiological conditions. Here, the authors show that Drosophila primordial germ cells normally elicit DNase II-dependent DNA damage, triggering a parthanatos-like ACD pathway.

Observations of the Phoenix cluster using the James Webb Space Telescope reveal rapid cooling in galaxy cluster cores, driven by black hole jets, with gas temperatures mapped between 10⁵ K and 10⁶ K and cooling rates of 5,000–23,000 M_⊙ yr⁻¹.

Chronic UV exposure has been associated with immune system suppression. Here the authors show that enhanced tumor growth and resistance to PD1 blockade in mice exposed to UV irradiation is associated with induced expression of Ly6a in CD8 + T cells and that targeting Ly6a enhances anti-tumor immune responses in models resistant to anti-PD1.

The same protein abundance can be achieved by many combinations of transcription, translation and degradation rates. Here, the authors find that genes combining high transcription with low translation rate are rare due to a trade-off between the cost of transcription and expression noise.

Identification and classification of cells in multiplexed microscopy remain challenging. Here, the authors propose CellSighter, which uses neural networks to perform cell classification directly on multiplexed images, thus leveraging the spatial expression characteristics of proteins.

We present James Webb Space Telescope observations that detect the 3.3 μm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon feature in a galaxy observed less than 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang.

JWST observations of the Cosmic Gems arc resolve the light of an infant galaxy into five gravitationally bound star clusters located in a region smaller than 70 pc.

Around the world, governments are urging populations to receive a third COVID-19 vaccine dose. Here, the authors compare immunogenicity, reactogenicity and effectiveness of a third dose versus the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in a large group of healthcare workers in Israel.

Here the authors provide immunogenicity and efficacy data at 3-month follow-up for vaccinees who have received a fourth dose of either mRNA1273 or BNT162b2. Both vaccines were highly effective against substantial symptomatic disease, but had little effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Eran Segal and colleagues measure the promoter activities of 70 different constructed promoter variants and find that poly(dA:dT) tracts significantly affect transcriptional outcome. They suggest that this is mediated by altering nucleosome organization and that these sequences can be manipulated to fine tune regulation of gene expression.

A new culture system makes it possible to grow mouse embryos and study their development outside the uterus up to the point of late organogenesis.

In addition to regulating programmed cell death, caspases also have non-apoptotic roles. Here, the authors show that low level caspase activity prevents cell migration to maintain tissue integrity.

Investigation of variation in three cohorts has identified multiple genetic signals associated with the pregnancy-specific liver disorder, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, giving insight into the disease which can cause preterm birth and stillbirth.

Spectroscopy of a gravitationally lensed galaxy at a redshift of 2.7 with spatially resolved maps of two foreground damped Lyman α systems indicates a vast mass of neutral hydrogen gas, consistent with a star-forming region.

The authors report 1.3 mm observations of dust emission from strongly lensed galaxies where star formation is quenched, demonstrating that gas depletion is responsible for the cessation of star formation in some high-redshift galaxies.

Genetic variants in ionotropic glutamate receptors have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, the authors report heterozygous de novo mutations in the GRIA2 gene in 28 individuals with intellectual disability and neurodevelopmental abnormalities associated with reduced Ca²⁺ transport and AMPAR currents.”

An individual star at z = 1.49 is gravitationally lensed and highly magnified by a foreground galaxy cluster. Fluctuations in the star’s emission provide insight on the mass function of intracluster stars, compact objects and the presence of dark-matter subhaloes.

Multiplexed tissue imaging has transformed tissue biology by revealing cellular diversity and interactions, but the analysis of its massive datasets remains a bottleneck. Here, we provide an overview of computational advancements, discuss current challenges and envision an AI-driven future in which integrated tools streamline analysis and visualization, unlocking the full potential of multiplexed imaging for breakthroughs in spatial biology.

A massive star at a redshift of 6.2, corresponding to 900 million years after the Big Bang, is magnified greatly by lensing of the foreground galaxy cluster WH0137–08.

Whole-genome sequencing analysis of individuals with primary immunodeficiency identifies new candidate disease-associated genes and shows how the interplay between genetic variants can explain the variable penetrance and complexity of the disease.

The halo of gas around a galaxy at redshift 1 is clumpy and anisotropic, with little variation in gas velocity, suggesting that it consists of entrained recycled material.