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Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

This study examines long-term changes in species richness across tropical forests in the Andes and Amazon. Hotter, drier and more seasonal forests in the eastern and southern Amazon are losing species, while Northern Andean forests are accumulating species, acting as a refuge for climate-displaced species.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

The RNA methyltransferase activity of SPOUT1/CENP-32 is crucial for accurate mitotic spindle organization. Here, the authors describe a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by bi-allelic pathogenic SPOUT1 variants with reduced activity and compromised function in spindle organization.

A global research network monitoring the Amazon for 30 years reports in this study that tree size increased by 3% each decade.

An expert-elicitation process identifies current methodological barriers for monitoring terrestrial biodiversity, and how technological and procedural development of robotic and autonomous systems may contribute to overcoming these challenges.

Chaib et al. find that therapy-induced senescent cells have high programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PD-L2), contributing to recurrence. They show that PD-L2 blocking combined with chemotherapy is therapeutically beneficial because it reduces senescent cells and immunosuppressive cell recruitment.

Wood density is a key control on tree biomass, and understanding its spatial variation improves estimates of forest carbon stock. Sullivan et al. measure >900 forest plots to quantify wood density and produce high resolution maps of its variation across South American tropical forests.

Energy metabolism and ATP levels are controlled by an interlocking network of pathways. Here, the authors apply a genome-wide CRISPR screen to define genes that increase or decrease ATP levels to define the “ATPome”, a map of pathways that contribute to cellular ATP regulation.

Analysing >1,700 inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network, the authors show that the majority of Amazon tree species can occupy floodplains and that patterns of species turnover are closely linked to regional flood patterns.

Species’ traits and environmental conditions determine the abundance of tree species across the globe. Here, the authors find that dominant tree species are taller and have softer wood compared to rare species and that these trait differences are more strongly associated with temperature than water availability.

Inventory data from more than 1 million trees across African, Amazonian and Southeast Asian tropical forests suggests that, despite their high diversity, just 1,053 species, representing a consistent ~2.2% of tropical tree species in each region, constitute half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees.

Here, the authors report results from a clinical trial testing whether therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) can help people with post-COVID-19 condition (PCC). While TPE had a favorable safety profile, it didn’t improve symptoms or quality of life for people with PCC.

The authors analyse tree responses to an extreme heat and drought event across South America to understand long-term climate resistance. While no more sensitive to this than previous lesser events, forests in drier climates showed the greatest impacts and thus vulnerability to climate extremes.

Wood density is an important plant trait. Data from 1.1 million forest inventory plots and 10,703 tree species show a latitudinal gradient in wood density, with temperature and soil moisture explaining variation at the global scale and disturbance also having a role at the local level.

Tree mortality has been shown to be the dominant control on carbon storage in Amazon forests, but little is known of how and why Amazon forest trees die. Here the authors analyse a large Amazon-wide dataset, finding that fast-growing species face greater mortality risk, but that slower-growing individuals within a species are more likely to die, regardless of size.

Alternative stable states in forests have implications for the biosphere. Here, the authors combine forest biodiversity observations and simulations revealing that leaf types across temperate regions of the NH follow a bimodal distribution suggesting signatures of alternative forest states.

The bacterium Helicobacter pylori, often found in the human stomach, can be classified into distinct subpopulations associated with the geographic origin of the host. Here, the authors provide insights into H. pylori population structure by collecting over 1,000 clinical strains from 50 countries and generating and analyzing high-quality bacterial genome sequences.

Genotype and exome sequencing of 150,000 participants and whole-genome sequencing of 9,950 selected individuals recruited into the Mexico City Prospective Study constitute a valuable, publicly available resource of non-European sequencing data.

Biological control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, one of the world's most destructive crop pathogens, presents a major opportunity for safely improving global agricultural yields. Its 86-Mb genome—the first to be sequenced for a strictly parthenogenetic species—provides a blueprint to design new strategies for plant protection.

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are severe autoimmune diseases with poorly understood pathogenesis. In this study, the authors use Icos-deficient NOD mice as a model for myositis, as well as clinical samples, to demonstrate mitochondrial abnormalities and metabolic dysfunction, which can be reversed by treatment with the ROS scavenger, N-acetylcysteine (NAC).

Analysis of ground-sourced and satellite-derived models reveals a global forest carbon potential of 226 Gt outside agricultural and urban lands, with a difference of only 12% across these modelling approaches.

This study examines the impact of herbivorous insects on biogeochemical cycling within forests. From a global network of 74 plots within 40 mature, undisturbed broadleaved forests, they show that background levels of insect herbivory are sufficiently large to alter both ecosystem element cycling and influence terrestrial carbon cycling.

The colonic mucus layer is an organized system providing a physical barrier against pathogens and simultaneously harbouring the commensal flora. Here the authors report that transglutaminase 3 activity contributes to homeostasis of the colonic mucus layer and the lack of this enzymatic activity leads to increased susceptibility against DSS-induced colitis in mice.

The Rho signalling pathway is frequently activated in squamous carcinomas. Here, the authors find that the Rho GEF VAV2 is over expressed in both cutaneous and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and that at the molecular level VAV2 promotes a pro-tumorigenic stem cell-like signalling programme.

Pompe disease is currently treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant human acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA). Here, the authors show hepatic-directed gene therapy with AAV vectors enhances GAA bioavailability compared with ERT, resulting in improved rescue of the disease phenotype in mice and broad enzyme distribution in mice and non-human primates.

In magneto-ionics, ion migration through the material is used to change the materials magnetic properties. Typically oxygen is used as the mobile ion. In this manuscript, the authors demonstrate controlled migration of nitrogen in a CoN film, expanding the possibilities of magneto-ionics.

Skeletal muscle plays a key role in regulating systemic glucose and metabolic homeostasis. Here, the authors show that the catalytic activity of Vav2, an activator of Rho GTPases, modulates those processes by favoring the responsiveness of this tissue to insulin and related factors.

Mitochondrial dynamics and trafficking are important for providing energy for neuron function. In this study, the Armadillo repeat containing proteins clustered on the X chromosome are shown to be highly expressed in the nervous system and have a role in mitochondrial dynamics.

New treatments are essential for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, but progress is slow. In this phase III–IV trial, cloxacillin plus fosfomycin failed to show superiority over cloxacillin alone, underscoring the challenges to improving patient outcomes.

The model–inventory discrepancy in net land-use carbon emissions mainly results from conceptual differences in estimating anthropogenic forest sinks. A revised disaggregation of global land model results allows greater comparability with inventories.

A dataset of 16 plant traits sampled from 2,461 individual trees from 74 tropical forest sites around the world is used to show a strong link between climate and plant functional diversity and redundancy, with drier tropical forests likely being less able to respond to declines in water availability.

The authors show that the lncRNA-derived microprotein SMIMP, which is shown to promote tumor formation, regulates cohesin core subunit binding to cis-regulatory elements and alters the expression of tumor-suppressive cell cycle regulators.

The role of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in mediating the impacts of drought in tropical trees is unclear. Here, the authors analyse leaf and branch NSC in 82 Amazon tree species across a Basin-wide precipitation gradient, finding that allocation of leaf NSC to soluble sugars is higher in drier sites and is coupled to tree hydraulic status.

Cells and organisms requires proper membrane composition, which the cell must modulate as membrane lipids are primary acquired from the diet. Here, Ruiz et al. identify a conserved pathway connecting the fluidity regulators AdipoR1/2 with fatty acid desaturase SCD to mediate membrane homeostasis.

A pan-Amazon study of forests shows large variations in drought tolerance traits and finds that forests in regions of pronounced climate change are losing biomass and may be operating beyond their hydraulic limits.

Most Amazon tree species are rare but a small proportion are common across the region. The authors show that different species are hyperdominant in different size classes and that hyperdominance is more phylogenetically restricted for larger canopy trees than for smaller understory ones.

The Amazon rainforest is dominated by relatively few tree species, yet the degree to which this hyperdominance influences carbon cycling remains unknown. Here, the authors analyse 530 forest plots and show that ∼1% of species are responsible for 50% of the aboveground carbon storage and productivity.

Inventory data from 90 lowland Amazonian forest plots and a phylogeny of 526 angiosperm genera were used to show that taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity are both predictive of wood productivity but not of biomass variation.