Active, hydrophilic, piezoelectric PLLA surface is formed by correlating processing parameters with etching and annealing as post-processing steps. Optimal design is obtained after uniaxial drawing of films for five times their length at 90 °C with 40 mm min−1 drawing rate and post-processing heat treatment at 140 °C followed by surface alkaline etching. We designed active PLLA film with high potential for intensive interactions with cells, very important for further biomedical applications, including exploring the effect of piezoelectricity on cell proliferation.
- Lea Udovč
- Matjaž Spreitzer
- Marija Vukomanović
