Neuroendocrine responses differ markedly in chronic critical illness compared with acute illness, and the chronic response may be harmful. Hyperglycemia is a major risk factor, and control of blood glucose is important. Because hypothalamic–pituitary axes interact during chronic illness, validating new therapies aimed at correcting multiple endocrine pathways seems warranted.
- Ilse Vanhorebeek
- Lies Langouche
- Greet Van den Berghe