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Exposome analyses across 34 countries showed that social exposures were associated with faster functional brain aging and physical exposures with faster structural brain aging.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

Parting gifts.

A modular platform for engineering immunogenic lipid nanoparticle mRNA vaccines is used to display antigens from a variety of pathogens to induce antigen responses.

Via high-throughput imaging and tracking over 140 million single mycobacteria, the authors show that drug- and strain-specific killing predict treatment outcomes, with potential to improve drug development and personalized therapy.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

This multi-omic longitudinal analysis of the healthy human peripheral immune system constructs the Human Immune Health Atlas and assembles data on immune cell composition and state changes with age, including responses to cytomegalovirus infection and influenza vaccination.

Study of coacervates can give insights into biomolecular condensates, but peptide-based systems generally form microdroplets which evolve into rigid nanostructures. Here, the authors report programmable coacervates from binary mixtures of diphenylalanine-based short peptides.

Organoids provide a useful model to capture the heterogeneity of brain tumours. Here, the authors assess current methodologies for generating organoids from various types of brain tumour and discuss how these models have enhanced mechanistic insight into tumour initiation, progression and resistance to treatment, moving towards precision medicine.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

Coupling live-cell imaging, machine learning and genomic sequencing, the MAGIC platform enables investigation of the cellular context, mutation rates and triggers of spontaneous chromosomal abnormality formation, shedding light on fundamental determinants of chromosomal instability.

Fine-scale geospatial mapping of overweight and wasting (two components of the double burden of malnutrition) in 105 LMICs shows that overweight has increased from 5.2% in 2000 to 6.0% in children under 5 in 2017. Although overall wasting decreased over the same period, most countries are not on track to meet the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025.

Disease signatures in high-dimensional biomedical data are detected with a visualization algorithm.

This work reports an inverse design approach that can spectrally shape Kerr microcombs by imprinting a nanophotonic dispersion filter to a microresonator to engineer solitonic frequency-comb states in the resonator with an optimization algorithm.

A longitudinal analysis of humoral immune responses in patients with COVID-19 with varying disease severities reveals that mortality does not correlate with antiviral antibody levels but, instead, with slower seroconversion.

Unlocking the blood proteome requires exquisite sensitivity and multiplexing to detect low and high abundance proteins simultaneously. Here the authors describe a 200-plex immunoassay with attomolar sensitivity to detect important low abundance proteins in inflammatory diseases and COVID-19.

Diploid potatoes are typically self-incompatible, complicating efforts to breed diploid cultivars. Here the authors report map-based cloning of the S-locus inhibitor (Sli) gene in potato which encodes a non S-locus F-box protein that is expressed in pollen and can functions like a general S-RNase inhibitor to overcome self-incompatibility.

Authors identify three types of defect-derived phonon modes in GaN, including localized defect modes, a confined bulk mode, and a fully extended mode. The defects exhibit a smaller phonon energy gap and lower sound speeds, indicating reduced thermal conductivity.

Combined patch clamp recording, biocytin staining and single-cell RNA-sequencing of human neurocortical neurons shows an expansion of glutamatergic neuron types relative to mouse that characterizes the greater complexity of the human neocortex.

Deforestation is often driven by land conversion for growing commodity crops. This study finds that, between 2000 and 2019, most soybean expansion in South America was on pastures converted originally for cattle production, especially in the Brazilian Amazon. More soy-driven deforestation occurred in the Brazilian Cerrado.

A longitudinal analysis of immune responses in patients with moderate or severe COVID-19 identifies a maladapted immune response profile linked to severe disease.

Nsp15 is a uridine specific endoribonuclease present in all coronaviruses. Here, the authors determine the cryo-EM structures of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp15 in the apo and UTP-bound states, which together with biochemical experiments, mass spectrometry and molecular dynamics simulations provide insights into the catalytic mechanism of Nsp15 and its conformational dynamics.

Male patients with COVID-19 have higher plasma levels of innate immune cytokines and chemokines such as IL-8, IL-18 and CCL5 and more non-classical monocytes than female patients, whereas female patients mount robust T cell activation maintained even in older age.

Wildfires are intensifying as a result of rapid climate change. By integrating experimental observations with random forest model, the authors discovered that fires decouple soil biogeochemistry worldwide, providing critical insights for ecosystem management.

ENCODE is a resource comprising thousands of functional genomic datasets. Here, the authors present custom annotation within ENCODE for cancer, highlighting a workflow that can help prioritise key elements in oncogenesis.

A ‘mouse atlas’, comprising single-cell transcriptomic data from more than 100,000 cells from 20 organs and tissues, has been created as a resource for cell biology.

A study of 36 massive galaxies at redshifts between 5 and 9 from the JWST FRESCO survey finds that galaxy formation of the most massive galaxies is 2–3 times higher than the most efficient galaxies at later epochs.

Cucurbits fruits have diverse shapes and sizes, but their genomes evolution and genetic basis of diversity are unclear. Here, the authors show that the wax gourd genome has the most ancestral karyotype among cucurbits and identify candidate genes which contribute to large fruit size by comparative and population genomics analyses.

Single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomic analysis of retina from 17 vertebrate species shows high conservation of retinal cell types and suggests that midget retinal ganglion cells in primates evolved from orthologous cells in ancestral mammals.

A magnetic exchange field confined within graphene and higher than 14 T, an enhancement of the spin generation, and a ferromagnetic ground state are found in the graphene/EuS heterostructure—a model of a 2D-material/magnetic-insulator system.

In large qubit registers, long coherence times and individual qubit control are difficult to achieve at the same time. Here, the authors assemble a 2D register of qubits in an array of fermionic alkaline-earth atoms, where tailored pulses can be applied to subsets of individual qubits in parallel.

Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing analysis supports the presence of immature dentate granule cells throughout the human lifespan and shows that these cells are reduced in number and dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease.

Isolation during critical periods of development prevents development of normal social behaviours in mice, and this is thought to involve the prefrontal cortex. Here, the authors identify an activation pattern in parvalbumin-positive interneurons in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex that when activated promotes sociability behaviours in mice.

Rapid extracellular antigen profiling of a cohort of 194 individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 uncovers diverse autoantibody responses that affect COVID-19 disease severity, progression and clinical and immunological characteristics.

A Kerr-nonlinear resonator with normal dispersion supports bright and dark pulse states. With photonic crystal ring resonators, this work demonstrates a continuum across these nonlinear states and explores the underlying mechanism.

The detection of microorganism-associated ligands by plant cells activates a signalling cascade in which the kinase BIK1 is monoubiquinated, released from the FLS2–BAK1 complex, and internalized by endocytosis.

In order to optimize thermoelectric (TE) materials which are used to convert thermal energy and electrical energy, the underlying physics needs to be understood. Here, the authors show that by exploiting static local structure distortion, transverse acoustic phonons can be suppressed resulting in high performing TE materials.

This study describes the integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes, profiled for histone modification patterns, DNA accessibility, DNA methylation and RNA expression; the results annotate candidate regulatory elements in diverse tissues and cell types, their candidate regulators, and the set of human traits for which they show genetic variant enrichment, providing a resource for interpreting the molecular basis of human disease.

Na₃Ni₂BiO₆ with a honeycomb lattice is found to host a one-third magnetization plateau phase signifying frustrated interactions and indicates that Kitaev interactions can be realized in high-spin magnets.

The chromosome-level genome of maidenhair fern, a model species representing the major homosporangium ferns, lays the foundation for studies on fern biology, origin of euphyllophytes and seed plant evolution.

Reduced glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease. Here, Pattaro et al. conduct a meta-analysis to discover several new loci associated with variation in eGFR and find that genes associated with eGFR loci often encode proteins potentially related to kidney development.

Sinha and colleagues present PERCEPTION, a precision oncology computational pipeline that can predict the response and resistance of patients by analyzing single-cell transcriptomic data from their tumor samples.

Global integrated reporting is essential if the planet is to achieve net-zero emissions.

Evidence for a quantum magnetic analogue of a supersolid appears in a recently synthesized antiferromagnet showing a strong magnetocaloric effect of the spin supersolid phase with potential for applications in sub-kelvin refrigeration.