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Echo-enabled harmonic generation in a free-electron laser enables 45th harmonic pulses from a 264 nm wavelength seed, yielding 5.9 nm wavelength coherent output.

The Large Hadron Collider beauty collaboration reports a test of lepton flavour universality in decays of bottom mesons into strange mesons and a charged lepton pair, finding evidence of a violation of this principle postulated in the standard model.

The integration of nano-molecules into microelectronic circuitry is challenging. Here, the authors provide a scalable method for contacting a self-assembled monolayer of nanoparticles with a single layer of graphene that produces single-electron effects, in the form of a Coulomb staircase, with a yield of at least 70%.

Pseudovirus assays and surface plasmon resonance show that the Omicron receptor-binding domain binds to human ACE2 with increased affinity relative to the ancestral virus, and that most neutralizing antibodies are considerably less potent against Omicron.

Observations with the Hubble Space Telescope reveal a complex evolution of the ejecta produced by the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft impacting Dimorphos.

This paper presents the outcomes of the gap analysis performed by the Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group on Indicators to assess current indicators in the monitoring framework of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and provides recommendations for how Parties can implement monitoring.

Reactivation of latent SIV with an IAP antagonist, coupled with immunotherapeutic approaches, reduced replication-competent SIV in lymph node CD4⁺ T cells in rhesus macaques. Further exploration targeting these pathways to reduce the HIV viral reservoir is warranted.

It has been hypothesized that domestication can occur through the ‘commensal pathway’ in which the domesticate takes advantage of a niche created as a byproduct by the domesticator. Here, Brooker et al. provide evidence for a commensal domestication process between longfin damselfish and mysid shrimps.

Future tokamak nuclear fusion reactors depend on efficient current drive methods, but it is hard to penetrate the high-density plasma in these devices. In this paper the authors show that radio frequency waves coupled to lower hybrid plasma waves, when the peripheral temperature of the plasma is high, can penetrate the plasma core.

Changes in the tumour microenvironment have been associated with response and resistance to immunotherapy. Here, by performing longitudinal transcriptomic and spatial analysis, the authors report the exploratory analysis of their phase II trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone or in combination with pembrolizumab (anti-PD1) in patients with advanced high-grade ovarian carcinoma.

There is emerging interest in photodetectors in the mid-infrared driven by increasing need to monitor the environment for security and healthcare purposes. Sassiet al. show a thermal photodetector, based on the coupling between graphene and a pyroelectric crystal, which shows high temperature sensitivity.

The mammalian basal forebrain controls cortical rhythm and wake-sleep. Anaclet et al.use genetically-targeted chemogenetic systems to activate or inhibit cholinergic, glutamatergic or GABAergic neurons in this region, and reveal their contributions to behavioral and electrocortical arousal in behaving mice.

A cross-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) including 29,612 patients with ALS and 122,656 controls identifies 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology.

The worldwide incidence of pulmonary carcinoids is increasing, but little is known about their molecular characteristics. Here, Alcala and colleagues present a multi-omics analysis of these tumours, revealing distinct molecular and prognostic subgroups.

Contrary to the view that urbanization is a major driver of the global rise in obesity, the global increase in body-mass index is shown to be mostly due to increases in the body-mass indexes of rural populations.

How far can you stretch an atomic wavefunction? An experiment demonstrates that the wavefunction of an ensemble of ultracold atoms trapped in an optical lattice can be reversibly expanded and shrunk over a distance of 1.5 mm.

Free-electron lasers are a powerful new tool for studying properties and transient states of matter. Here, the authors use a novel seed scheme for generation of two XUV laser pulses of controlled wavelength and time separation that enables access to ultrafast phenomena with elemental sensitivity.

Optimized Ullmann coupling reaction of heterotriangulene precursors allows the synthesis of two-dimensional π-conjugated polymers with ordered domains larger than 100 × 100 nm² showing both Dirac cones and flat bands in their electronic structure.

Chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum is characterized using population genomics, genetic crosses and gene editing.

Exploring the photoionization process leads to better understanding of the fundamental interactions between light and matter. Here the authors show the non-dipole contribution in the form of asymmetric photoelectron angular distribution from the ionization of argon atoms and ions.

Superconducting nanowires with quantum phase slips are promising candidates for future quantum technologies. Here, Lyatti et al. report evidence for energy-level quantization and single photon control of phase slips in ultra-thin YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x nanowires, promising for quantum sensing and computing.

In April 2020, the AGILE satellite registered an X-ray burst temporally coincident with a radio burst from the Galactic magnetar SGR 1935+2154. As seen in hard X-rays, the burst was cut off above 80 keV and had an isotropically emitted energy of about 10⁴⁰ erg.

It is demonstrated that graphene coatings do not alter the wetting behaviour of copper, gold or silicon surfaces. Such wetting transparency—shown to occur only for surfaces where surface–water interactions are dominated by van der Waals forces—and graphene’s ability to suppress copper oxidation result in a 30–40% increase in condensation heat transfer on copper. The findings have implications for graphene-based coatings with independently tunable electronic and wetting properties.

In cancer, global DNA methylation loss and CpG island hypermethylation are commonly observed. Here, in breast cancer the authors find that hyper-variability of partially methylated domains is the prime source of DNA methylation variation and that these domains fuel CpG island hypermethylation.

A new Burden of Proof meta-analytic method that accounts for between-study heterogeneity and corrects for bias between different study designs is used to interpret the strength of evidence between different pairs of risk factors and health outcomes.

The LHCb collaboration reports an improved measurement of the oscillation frequency of mesons consisting of a bottom quark and strange quark, which is then combined with previous results.

A previous human HIV-1 vaccine clinical trial, boosting with HIV envelope protein from two strains, demonstrated moderate vaccine efficacy. Here, Bradleyet al. show that a pentavalent HIV envelope protein boost improves protection from viral challenge in non-human primates and they identify immune correlates of protection.

The primary stages of carrier relaxation in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides are hardly accessible due to their fast timescales. Here, the authors measure the first stages of carrier–phonon interaction in monolayer WSe₂ via a series of periodic maxima in the hot photoluminescence intensity, assigned to phonon cascades.

Ultrathin layers that can confine electron motion to just two dimensions exhibit a wide range of unusual electronic properties. Gamucci et al. combine two very different examples of such systems—graphene and a gallium arsenide quantum well—and demonstrate interlayer coupling effects.

The ability of cancer cells to migrate through small, constricted areas is limited by nuclear stiffness. Here the authors show that in turn nuclear stiffness stimulates the delivery of enzymes important for the degradation of the extracellular matrix and the formation of invadopodia in association with fibers thus opposing nuclear movement.

The US COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub produced medium to long term projections based on different epidemic scenarios. In this study, the authors evaluate 14 rounds of projections by comparing them to the epidemic trajectories that occurred, and discuss lessons learned for future similar projects.

Unconventional superconductivity may be triggered when graphene is deposited on a high temperature superconductor. Here, Di Bernardoet al. observe spectroscopic evidence for p-wave superconductivity in single layer graphene on an electron-doped cuprate superconductor.

Laser-based lighting typically relies on wavelength conversion materials that reduce efficiency. The authors present a 3D boron nitride hollow-tube based foam structure that acts as a broadband diffuser with engineered disorder for conversionless white light generation from laser-diode light sources

Bicistronic CAR T cells targeting CD19 and CD22 exhibit clinical activity and low toxicity in pediatric and young adult patients with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, with relapses associated with limited CAR T cell persistence.

Progressive diseases tend to be heterogeneous in their underlying aetiology mechanism, disease manifestation, and disease time course. Here, Young and colleagues devise a computational method to account for both phenotypic heterogeneity and temporal heterogeneity, and demonstrate it using two neurodegenerative disease cohorts.