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In this study, Dahmane et al use a method called cryo-electron tomography to uncover new details of how tick-borne flaviviruses transform cells into virus factories.

Cochlearia is an evolutionarily dynamic genus with different base chromosome numbers and ploidal levels. Here, the authors construct a graph-based pangenome for Cochlearia and reveal that whole-genome duplication associated with greater diversity of genomic structural variation and their possible function in adaptation.

A highly potent and selective small-molecule catalytic inhibitor of the protein lysine methyltransferase NSD2 shows therapeutic efficacy in preclinical models of KRAS-driven pancreatic cancer and lung cancer.

Diagnostic blood-based biomarkers of pediatric IBD are limited. Here, the authors demonstrate a diagnostic lipidomic signature, comprising only of two molecular lipids. Translation of this signature into a scalable test has the potential to support clinical decision making.

Large genome-wide meta-analysis of clinically diagnosed late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) from 94,437 individuals identifies new LOAD risk loci and implicates Aβ formation, tau protein binding, immune response and lipid metabolism.

Genome-wide ancient DNA data from individuals from the Middle Bronze Age to Iron Age documents large-scale movement of people from the European continent between 1300 and 800 bc that was probably responsible for spreading early Celtic languages to Britain.

Claudia Langenberg, James Meigs and colleagues apply a joint meta-analysis approach that accounts for differences in body mass index to identify variants associated with glycemic traits. They report six new loci associated with fasting insulin levels and provide insights into the genetic basis of insulin resistance.

Genome-wide data from 166 East Asian individuals dating to between 6000 bc and ad 1000 and from 46 present-day groups provide insights into the histories of mixture and migration of human populations in East Asia.

Ancient DNA reveals genetic differences between stone-tool users and people associated with ceramic technology in the Caribbean and provides substantially lower estimates of population sizes in the region before European contact.

Fibrillar deposits of tau protein (neurofibrillary tangles) are thought to cause neuronal death in patients with Alzheimer's disease, and tau-related frontotemporal dementia. Here, however, the opposite has been found: the activation of executioner caspase enzymes occurs first, preceding tangle formation by hours to days. Tangle-bearing neurons seem to be long-lived, indicating that tangles might be 'off pathway' to acute neuronal death.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias identifies new loci and enables generation of a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.

Here, Mac Kain and Maarifi et al. perform a functional CRISPR/Cas9 screen to identify SARS-CoV-2 restriction factors in A549 cells. They identify DAXX, a scaffold protein of nuclear bodies with diverse functions, that has anti-viral activity post SARS-CoV-2 entry, while SARS-CoV-2 has evolved a mechanism to counteract its action via PLpro-mediated proteasomal degradation.

STAARpipeline is a comprehensive framework for flexible and scalable rare-variant association analysis using whole-genome sequencing data and annotation information.

The anti-diabetic drug metformin has been shown to increase lifespan of some model organisms, but results have been conflicting. Here, Martin-Montalvo et al. administer one of two doses of metformin to male mice and show that the lower dose increases healthspan and lifespan, while the higher dose is toxic.

Intraluminal vesicles are formed by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery. Here, the authors unravel the timing of vesicle budding, and that endosomal clathrin regulates concerted recruitment of ESCRT subcomplexes, required for efficient membrane remodeling.

Xavier Argout and colleagues report the draft genome of Theobroma cacao, the tropical crop that is the source of chocolate. The sequence assembly covers approximately 80% of the genome.

Sentinel lymph-node biopsy is an accurate staging procedure for patients with melanoma. However, this procedure followed by immediate completion lymph-node dissection (CLND) does not seem to improve survival, based on data from the MSLT-1 randomized trial. Patients with micrometastases <0.1 mm have a similar clinical course to sentinel-node-negative patients and routine CLND may not be indicated in these patients. The authors discuss the issue of prognostic false positivity and explain how the Rotterdam Criteria could be useful for the measurement of sentinel node tumor burden.

Combined analysis of proton-proton collision data from the Large Hadron Collider at CERN by the CMS and LHCb collaborations leads to the observation of the extremely rare decay of the strange B meson into muons; the result is compatible with the standard model of particle physics, and does not show any signs of new physics, such as supersymmetry.

Genetic analyses of ancestrally diverse populations show evidence of heterogeneity across ancestries and provide insights into clinical implications, highlighting the importance of including ancestrally diverse populations to maximize genetic discovery and reduce health disparities.

The range of odours that an insect can detect depends on its olfactory receptors. Here, the authors functionally characterize the olfactory receptor repertoire of the mothSpodoptera littoralis using the Drosophilaempty neuron system and reconstruct the evolution of these receptors in the Lepidoptera.

Sven van der Lee, Julie Williams, Gerard Schellenberg and colleagues identify rare coding variants in PLCG2, ABI3 and TREM2 associated with Alzheimer's disease. These genes are highly expressed in microglia and provide additional evidence that the microglia-mediated immune response contributes to the development of Alzheimer's disease.

GNPS is an open-access community-curated analysis platform for sharing natural product mass spectrometry data that enables continuous, automatic reanalysis of deposited 'living' data sets.

Observations of water ice on the surface of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko show the ice appearing and disappearing in a cyclic pattern that follows local illumination conditions, providing a source of localized activity and leading to cycling modification of the ice abundance on the surface.

Mark Seielstad and colleagues report results of a large genome-wide association and replication study of ulcerative colitis. The work identifies several new risk loci for this disease and provides further insight into the shared pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.