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The influence of X chromosome genetic variation on blood lipids and coronary heart disease (CHD) is not well understood. Here, the authors analyse X chromosome sequencing data across 65,322 multi-ancestry individuals, identifying associations of the Xq23 locus with lipid changes and reduced risk of CHD and diabetes mellitus.

STAARpipeline is a comprehensive framework for flexible and scalable rare-variant association analysis using whole-genome sequencing data and annotation information.

Thermoelectric generators with a small size are unable to produce enough high voltage and power levels to run Si integrated circuits using commonly encountered temperature differences. Here, the authors present microelectronic thermoelectric generators using Si0.97Ge0.03 to solve the problem.

The electric and dielectric performance of polymers usually deteriorates at elevated temperatures limiting their applicability for harsh-environment electronics. Here, the authors report an all-polymer nanostructured dielectric material with high temperature capacitive energy storage performance.

Unlike most processive motor proteins, the stepping motion of cytoplasmic dynein’s two linked motor domains is not precisely coordinated. Cleary et al.show that the ATPase activity of just one head is required for processive movement, and that tension on the linker gates the release of the motor from microtubules.

Social life requires us to store information about each person’s unique disposition. Here, the authors show that the brain represents people as the sums of the mental states that those people are believed to experience.

Phase-matched four-wave mixing can take place with high efficiency in a suitably designed silicon waveguide — this advance could allow for the implementation of dense wavelength channels for optical processing in an all-silicon photonic chip.

Most chemical reactions proceed downhill without external energy input. Here, authors employ an electronic flyback and a boost converter to store energy and spontaneously drive an uphill reaction. The concept is exhibited by an enzymatic biofuel cell, driving water splitting in a single compartment.

The nonequilibrium regime provides an exciting frontier in the search for novel quantum phases of matter. Here, the authors show that optically driving a lightly-doped semiconductor can lead to the spontaneous formation of a dynamical quantum liquid crystalline phase with a rotating magnetization.

This study assesses the life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions for 1,025 planned green hydrogen facilities covering diverse technologies and renewable electricity sources in 72 countries, noting that well-chosen production configurations are central to green hydrogen.

A miniaturized optical frequency division system that could transfer the generation of microwaves, with superior spectral purity, to a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible integrated photonic platform is demonstrated showing potential for large-volume, low-cost manufacturing for many applications.

Collective movements such as flocking or schooling can benefit a single species, but there may also be wider implications of such behaviour. The authors use a theoretical model to show that collective movement of consumer species can promote species coexistence and ecosystem stability.

This study identifies a set of risk factors that fully mediate and uniquely contribute to the relationship between sex assigned at birth and posttraumatic stress disorder severity.

The combination of adaptive optics with an improved isoSTED nanoscope allows imaging of cells and tissues with sub-50-nm isotropic resolution.

Learning new associations that reappraise the behavioral significance of previously irrelevant cues requires gamma-frequency synchronization between parvalbumin interneurons in the left and right prefrontal cortex.

Intratracheal boosting with a bivalent Ad26-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine results in substantial induction of mucosal humoral and cellular immunity and near-complete protection against SARS-CoV-2 BQ.1.1 in rhesus macaques.

Interactions between excitons and correlated electrons can lead to the formation of interesting states. Now, evidence suggests that these interactions can give rise to a Mott insulator of excitons.

Genetically encoded optical voltage sensors measure the electrical activity of various tissues with limited effectiveness, due to the sensors’ suboptimal performance metrics. Gong et al.create a sensor with increased brightness, fast kinetics and improved dynamic ranges when compared with previous sensors.

The linker for activation of T cells (LAT) protein is involved in the activation of T cells. Here the authors discover micron scale LAT condensation events downstream of singly bound T-cell receptors during T cell activation and characterise how LAT condensation timing affects downstream T cell signalling.

Common genetic variants associated with plasma lipids have been extensively studied for a better understanding of common diseases. Here, the authors use whole-genome sequencing of 16,324 individuals to analyze rare variant associations and to determine their monogenic and polygenic contribution to lipid traits.

Here, Dillard and Taft-Benz et al. show in a female mouse model how different adjuvants affect inactivated vaccine-mediated protection against homologous SARS-CoV-2 and heterologous SARS-CoV-1-like coronaviruses. They find that an aluminum hydroxide-adjuvanted vaccine can increase risk of adverse outcomes during heterologous infection.

Murphy and colleagues generate an inhibitor of the lipid kinase VPS34, which they use to uncover autophagy substrates. One of their targets, NCOA4, regulates iron homeostasis by binding ferritin heavy chain-1 and targeting ferritin to autolysosomes.

Analysis of whole-genome sequences of 25,465 individuals of European ancestry shows that rare variants contribute substantially to the heritability of height and body mass index.

Whole genome sequences enable discovery of rare variants which may help to explain the heritability of common diseases. Here the authors find that ultra-rare variants explain ~50% of coronary artery disease (CAD) heritability and highlight several functional processes including cell type-specific regulatory mechanisms as key drivers of CAD genetic risk.

A study shows that clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential is associated with an increased risk of chronic liver disease specifically through the promotion of liver inflammation and injury.

The design of photoswitches which operate in the visible light regime, show a large separation of absorption bands and are functional in various solvents is challenging. Here the authors report Iminothioindoxyls as visible-light operated photoswitches with a band separation of 100 nm.

Transmission spectroscopy observations from the James Webb Space Telescope show the detection of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of the gas giant exoplanet WASP-39b.

A multi-beam two-photon microscope enables imaging of calcium activity or neurovascular dynamics in the brain with millisecond-scale temporal resolution.

Multiphoton-pumped lasing from semiconductor nanocrystals in solution is difficult due to Auger recombination, low volume fraction and high threshold. Here, Li et al. demonstrate photostable, ultralow threshold multi-photon pumped lasing from colloidal CdSe/CdS nanoplatelets in a Fabry-Pérot optical resonator.

The two-dimensional material black phosphorus could find uses in energy applications. Here, the authors study the difference in in-plane thermal conductivity along the armchair and zigzag directions in suspended few-layer black phosphorus, and show the dependence of this anisotropy on sample thickness.

Robust implementations of semiconducting qubits require overcoming the effects of charge noise, which limits coherence times. Here the authors propose a decoherence-free subspace for charge qubits to protect them from uniform electric field fluctuations, proposing an implementation in a triple quantum dot.

Tiling-sgRNA designs allow the in situ evaluation of protein domain functions. Here the authors present ProTiler - a computational method to predict CRISPR knockout hyper-sensitive regions, revealing previously unannotated domains.

Based on a modified Mie scattering theory, several pathways to achieve control over the directionality, polarization state and spectral emission that rely on a coherent coupling of an emitting dipole in monolayer MoS₂ to optical resonances of a silicon nanowire are reported.

Nanoantennas provide improvements in detection and fluorescence of nanoscale objects, which are usually limited to electric dipole radiation. By exploiting coupling to nanowire antennas, Curto et al. show controlled multipolar emission of a quantum dot, offering a novel multipolar photon source.

Many aspects of polariton condensate behaviour can be captured by mean-field theories but interactions introduce additional quantum effects. Here the authors observe quantum depletion in a driven-dissipative condensate and find that deviations from equilibrium predictions depend on the excitonic fraction.

Mutations in the RNA-binding protein FUS contribute to ALS. Here the authors use CLIP-seq on synaptoneurosomes to identify proteins associated with synapse organization and plasticity that are differentially regulated in a knock-in ALS mouse model.

Platelet aggregation is associated with myocardial infarction and stroke. Here, the authors have conducted a whole genome sequencing association study on platelet aggregation, discovering a locus in RGS18, where enhancer assays suggest an effect on activity of haematopoeitic lineage transcription factors.

Pooling participant-level genetic data into a single analysis can result in variance stratification, reducing statistical performance. Here, the authors develop variant-specific inflation factors to assess variance stratification and apply this to pooled individual-level data from whole genome sequencing.

Proposed as the source of the light-dependent magnetic compass in migratory birds, the radical pair mechanism is thought to operate in flavoproteins in the retina. Now, it has been demonstrated that the primary magnetic field effect on flavin photoreactions can be chemically amplified by slow radical termination reactions under conditions of continuous photoexcitation.

Although the common genetic variants contributing to blood lipid levels have been studied, the contribution of rare variants is less understood. Here, the authors perform a rare coding and noncoding variant association study of blood lipid levels using whole genome sequencing data.

Little is known about the genetic landscape of people living in the Nile region prior to the Islamic migrations of the late 1st millennium CE. Here, the authors report genome-wide data for 66 ancient individuals to investigate the genetic ancestry of a Christian Period group from Kulubnarti.

Anti-ferromagnetic based memories have a wide range of advantages over their ferromagnetic counterparts, however, their electrical signatures of switching are complicated by spurious signals. Here, Arpaci et al demonstrate an experimental method to distinguish between anti-ferromagnetic switching, and such spurious signatures.