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Eusociality evolved independently in Hymenoptera and in termites. Here, the authors sequence genomes of the German cockroach and a drywood termite and provide insights into the evolutionary signatures of termite eusociality.

To date, experimental demonstrations of PT-symmetric systems have been restricted to one dimension. Here, the authors experimentally realize and characterize a two-dimensional PT-symmetric system using photonic lattice waveguides with judiciously designed refractive index landscape and an alternating loss distribution.

Topological insulators are characterized by quantized topological invariants. Here, the authors report an insulator state showing spectral bands without quantized indices, yet robust boundary states in a photonic setup.

A triple phase transition, where changing a single parameter simultaneously gives rise to metal–insulator, topological and a parity–time symmetry-breaking phase transitions, is observed in non-Hermitian Floquet quasicrystals.

Transplanted embryonic neurons in mice mature and achieve adult-like properties within 4–8 weeks, receiving appropriate inputs and establishing stimulus-selective responses.

The antisense oligonucleotide rugonersen has acceptable safety and tolerability in children with Angelman syndrome and shows partial normalization of electroencephalogram abnormalities and clinical improvements relative to natural history.

Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern were detected early and multiple cases of virus spread not captured by clinical genomic surveillance were identified using high-resolution wastewater and clinical sequencing.

Owing to the propensity for uranium(III) compounds to undergo disproportionation, uranium-element multiple bonds involving uranium(III) oxidation states remain rare. Here the authors report hexauranium-methanediide rings that formally contain uranium(III)- and uranium(IV)-methanediides supported by alternating halide and arene bridges.

A case–control study investigating the causes of recent cases of acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology in 32 children identifies an association between adeno-associated virus infection and host genetics in disease susceptibility.

There is increasing evidence that epigenetic mechanisms contribute to therapeutic resistance in cancer. Here the authors study AML patient samples and a mouse model of non-genetic resistance and find that transcriptional plasticity drives stable epigenetic resistance, and identify regulators of enhancer function as important modulators of resistance.

The molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in the premature ageing Werner syndrome were elusive. Here the authors show that NAD⁺ depletion-induced impaired mitophagy contributes to this phenomenon, shedding light on potential therapeutics.

The transcription factor PU.1 is an essential regulator of the pro-fibrotic gene expression program in fibroblasts; PU.1 expression is upregulated in various fibrotic diseases, whereas inactivation of PU.1 induces regression of fibrosis in a number of organs.

Counter-propagating chiral edge states are demonstrated in a photonic structure able to effectively incorporate fermionic time-reversal symmetry, thus providing the photonic implementation of an electronic topological insulator.

Here, the authors explore the potential of the 16S gene for discriminating bacterial taxa and show that full-length sequencing combined with appropriate clustering of intragenomic sequence variation can provide accurate representation of bacterial species in microbiome datasets.

Biotin biosynthesis enables fatty acid remodelling and increased cell envelope fluidity, which counter alkaline pH in the lung and promote Mycobacterium abscessus growth during infection.

Experimental and theoretical results of wave propagation in a disordered system with non-Hermitian disorder are presented, showing that wave spreading occurs in the parameter regime where all eigenstates are expected to be localized.

Production of an acidic microenvironment by the juvenile host’s epithelial V-type ATPase promotes the recruitment of its specific bacterial symbiont from the ambient environment.

Emerging understanding of biomolecular condensates — transient liquid-like droplets made up of proteins and nucleic acids — in normal and aberrant cellular states is providing new insights into human diseases. This Perspective proposes that such insights could enable a previously unexplored drug discovery approach based on identifying condensate-modifying therapeutics, and discusses the strategies, techniques and challenges involved.

Photonic waveguides with appropriately engineered interactions allow the experimental realization of non-Abelian quantum holonomies of the symmetry group U(3), which is known from the strong nuclear force.

A genome-wide association study meta-analysis of more than 100,000 subjects of European and Asian ancestries reveals 42 new risk loci for rheumatoid arthritis, with follow-up studies identifying 98 biological candidate genes that are either already being targeted by drugs or could be in the future.

The nonlinear properties of photonic topological insulators remain largely unexplored, as band topology is linked to linear systems. But nonlinear topological corner states and solitons can form in a second-order topological insulator, as shown by experiments.

The International Childhood Cancer Outcome Project group, involving survivors and other relevant stakeholders, develop a set of core outcomes to measure the quality of care for 17 types of childhood cancers.

Colin Ross and colleagues report the results of a genome-wide association study of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in children treated for cancer. They identify a nonsynonymous coding variant in RARG associated with roughly fivefold higher risk of developing this severe adverse drug reaction.

A findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable (FAIR) data infrastructure is discussed to turn the large amount of research data generated by the field of materials science into knowledge and value.

Established to explain high-energy particle physics, supersymmetry has since been invoked to describe the interplay between symmetry and topology in numerous fields. Here, supersymmetric transformations are shown theoretically and experimentally to destroy and restore topology in a photonic crystal.