Search

Both rhesus and cynomolgus macaques are susceptible to subcutaneous infection with Zika virus; longitudinal studies of infected animals provide information about the temporal dynamics of Zika virus in distinct cells, tissues and body fluids, as well as the immune response to the virus.

Single photon emitters (SPEs) in 2D semiconductors can be deterministically positioned using localized strain induced by underlying nanostructures. Here, the authors show SPE coupling in WSe₂ to GaP dielectric nanoantennas, substantially increasing quantum efficiency and photoluminescence brightness.

Water and hydroxyl enrichment in the solar-wind-irradiated rim of an olivine grain from asteroid Itokawa suggests that its regolith could contain ~20 l m⁻³ of water from solar wind—a potential water source for airless planetary bodies.

In this Review, Katritsis and colleagues discuss the major factors underlying the clinical decision to perform revascularization in patients with stable coronary artery disease and examine the use and limitations of existing evidence on the choice for, and preferred methods of, revascularization, namely, CABG surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention.

In wildlife tagging, stress from capture and handling can alter post- release behavior and potentially study interpretations. This study of 42 mammal species shows that these effects diminish within 4–7 days, and quicker for animals in high human activity areas indicating adaptation to disturbance.

While dry reforming of methane, the reaction of CH₄ and CO₂ to create CO and H₂, is a promising reaction for industry, coke buildup often deactivates catalysts and limits commercialization. Here, authors report single-atom nickel on Ce-doped hydroxyapatite as a coke-resistant catalyst.

Based on a modified Mie scattering theory, several pathways to achieve control over the directionality, polarization state and spectral emission that rely on a coherent coupling of an emitting dipole in monolayer MoS₂ to optical resonances of a silicon nanowire are reported.

Sepsis is a biphasic disease characterized by an initial inflammatory phase, followed by a prolonged immunosuppression phase. Puthalakath and colleagues utilize a CRISPR-mediated mutagenesis screen to identify TREML4 as a regulator of sepsis-induced immunosuppression.

Efficient, large-scale genomic analysis is facilitated on the cloud by a computational tool with error-diagnosing and self-healing capabilities.

The authors investigate the optical properties of a heterostructure formed by a metallic substrate and a nanostructured transition metal dichalcogenide multilayer by measuring the reflectance spectrum at different multilayer thicknesses, filling factors and grating periods. The spectra show strong dispersion and avoided crossing of excitons, plasmons and cavity photons along with excitonic mode suppression at the anti-crossing point.

An integrated transcriptome, genome, methylome and proteome analysis of over 200 lung adenocarcinomas reveals high rates of somatic mutations, 18 statistically significantly mutated genes including RIT1 and MGA, splicing changes, and alterations in MAPK and PI(3)K pathway activity.

King Richard III was a controversial English King whose remains are presumably deposited in Grey Friars in Leicester. Here the authors sequence the mitochondrial genome and Y-chromosome DNA of the skeletal remains and living relatives of Richard III and confirm that the remains belong to King Richard III.

A genome-wide association study identifies 17 genetic loci that are associated with the risk of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), and shows that the modulation of haematopoietic stem cell function drives MPN risk.

An integrative genomic analysis of several hundred endometrial carcinomas shows that a minority of tumour samples carry copy number alterations or TP53 mutations and many contain key cancer-related gene mutations, such as those involved in canonical pathways and chromatin remodelling; a reclassification of endometrial tumours into four distinct types is proposed, which may have an effect on patient treatment regimes.

The abundant IincRNA growth arrest-specific 5 (Gas5) inhibits the transcriptional activity of steroid hormone receptors (SRs) through direct competition for DNA binding. Here the authors use X-ray crystallography, NMR and complementary biochemical approaches to elucidate the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms that guide Gas5 binding to SRs.

In solid metals, electron orbitals form broad bands and their binding of adsorbates depends on the bandwidth. Now, it is shown that a weak solute–matrix interaction in dilute alloys results in extremely narrow electronic bands on the solute, similar to a free-atom electronic structure. This structure affords unique adsorption properties important for catalysis.

Genetic variants associated with susceptibility to pancreatic cancer have been identified using genome wide association studies (GWAS). Here, the authors combine data from over 9000 patients and perform a meta-analysis to identify five novel loci linked to pancreatic cancer.

The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network reports an integrative analysis of more than 400 samples of clear cell renal cell carcinoma based on genomic, DNA methylation, RNA and proteomic characterisation; frequent mutations were identified in the PI(3)K/AKT pathway, suggesting this pathway might be a potential therapeutic target, among the findings is also a demonstration of metabolic remodelling which correlates with tumour stage and severity.

Single-atom catalysts benefit from metal–support interactions that enable the support to be directly involved in the reaction, accelerating specific mechanistic steps to obtain unique electrocatalytic properties. This Review discusses state-of-the-art techniques for synthesizing active co-catalytic single-atom structures and explores the design strategies that enhance their catalytic performance.

This paper describes molecular subtypes of cervical cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma clusters defined by HPV status and molecular features, and distinct molecular pathways that are activated in cervical carcinomas caused by different somatic alterations and HPV types.

Oxygen has contributed to our understanding of the evolution of life on Earth by providing invaluable clues to geological processes — yet it still holds the key to some unsolved mysteries, as Mark H. Thiemens explains.

Exome-wide analysis identifies rare and low-frequency coding variants associated with body mass index. Gene-based meta-analysis and functional studies implicate 13 genes, eight of which are novel, and neuronal pathways as factors in human obesity.

Carbon capture and storage can help reduce CO₂ emissions but the confidence in geologic CO₂ storage security is uncertain. Here the authors present a numerical programme to estimate leakage from wells and find that under appropriate regulation 98% of injected CO₂ will be retained over 10,000 years.

Analysis of 97,691 high-coverage human blood DNA-derived whole-genome sequences enabled simultaneous identification of germline and somatic mutations that predispose individuals to clonal expansion of haematopoietic stem cells, indicating that both inherited and acquired mutations are linked to age-related cancers and coronary heart disease.

The Cancer Genome Atlas reports on molecular evaluation of 295 primary gastric adenocarcinomas and proposes a new classification of gastric cancers into 4 subtypes, which should help with clinical assessment and trials of targeted therapies.

Making colloidal nanoparticles with controlled composition and shape is challenging because at the nanoscale surface energy favours highly symmetric structures. Now, a fast, wafer-scale fabrication scheme that combines low-temperature shadow deposition with nanoscale patterning has been developed that produces anisotropic hybrid nanocolloids with designed composition and feature sizes down to 20 nm.

Calcium ions play a vital role in enabling synaptic plasticity in biological systems. The dynamic behaviour of these ions has now been emulated in a metal atom diffusion-based memristor.

Metasurface optics offer a very favourable size, weight, power and cost metric compared to bulky optical elements based on polished pieces of glass or moulded plastics, and these valuable traits are now propelling their use in many areas of technology.

Driven by trends such as GenAI, Automation and E-mobility, the global semiconductor demand is surging, consequently increasing the industry’s emissions. Given the increasing pressure for decarbonization — for example, from customers such as Apple, Google and Microsoft — semiconductor players need to increase their decarbonization efforts.

The Cancer Genome Atlas presents an integrative genome-wide analysis of genetic alterations in 279 head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), which are classified by human papillomavirus (HPV) status; alterations in EGFR, FGFR, PIK3CA and cyclin-dependent kinases are shown to represent candidate targets for therapeutic intervention in most HNSCCs.

The spaser is a proposed nanoscale source of optical fields that is being investigated in a number of leading laboratories around the world. If realized, spasers could find a wide range of applications, including nanoscale lithography, probing and microscopy.