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RNA base editing offers promise for treating genetic diseases but has faced efficiency limits. Here, authors developed AI-engineered APOBEC enzymes (ProAPOBECs) that enable precise RNA editing in mice, lowering cholesterol and improving autism-like behaviors.

An inhibitor of SecinH3 is identified, and shows that treatment of mice with this molecule induces hepatic insulin resistance, an early step in the development of type 2 diabetes.

Christian Hafner and colleagues identify postzygotic HRAS and KRAS mutations as the cause of nevus sebaceous and Schimmelpenning syndrome. Their functional studies suggest that the HRAS p.Gly13Arg alteration, found in 91% of lesions, results in activation of the MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways.

Translation efficiency can be affected by mRNA stability and secondary RNA structures. Here the authors reveal that loss of DHX36 helicase activity leads to an accumulation of translationally inactive target mRNAs with G-rich structures in untranslated regions.

Controlling the magnetic properties of nanoparticles is important to enable their widespread use in applications. Antoniaket al. combine X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations to uncover the origin of these properties in order to appropriately tailor nanoparticle design.

Proximity-CLIP, a method that combines proximity-based protein biotinylation and UV crosslinking, profiles RNAs and ribonucleoproteins in any cellular compartment.

AUF1 is an RNA-binding protein believed to function mostly by regulating the decay of its target transcripts. Here, Yoon et al.systematically identify the targets of AUF1 and provide insights into how AUF1 functions to regulate various cellular processes by enhancing the decay, stability or translation of specific RNAs.

The authors uncover a Père David’s deer-like design for long noncoding RNAs such as metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), which partially mimics the transfer RNA (tRNA) structure to recruit select tRNA processing enzymes for maturation and to create novel regulatory RNAs such as the MALAT1-associated small cytoplasmic RNA.

Multiple GTP-binding proteins (GTPBPs) aid ribosome maturation. Here, authors pinpoint GTPBP8’s involvement in human mitoribosome maturation, demonstrating its specific binding to mitoribosomal large subunit RNA, which is necessary for ribosome assembly and protein synthesis.

The nucleolus is the traditional site for ribosomal RNA biogenesis. Here, the authors find that the nucleolus is a site of inflammatory pre-mRNA turnover and elucidated how immune homeostasis can be maintained by controlling inflammatory gene expression.

The FET family proteins FUS, EWSR1 and TAF15 are RNA-binding proteins with diverse nuclear functions. PAR-CLIP analyses now reveal the genome-wide RNA targets of all three human FET proteins and of two FUS mutants that cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Although the RNA-binding properties of the mutants remain unchanged, the spectrum of RNA targets is altered because of the changed subcellular localization of the mutants.

Conventional in situ hybridization protocols lead to loss of microRNAs, which diffuse out of the formaldehyde-fixed sample owing to their small size. Adding a carbodiimide that stably links the microRNA with the protein matrix around it prevents this diffusion and allows detection of miRNAs at very low expression levels.

Here the authors introduce a photo-activatable-competition and chemoproteomic enrichment (PACCE) method to localize protein-RNA interfaces using photoactivatable cellular RNA to protect RNA binding regions on proteins from electrophilic purine probe labeling.

The atmosphere has dried across most regions of Europe in recent decades, a trend that can be attributed primarily to human impacts, according to tree ring records spanning 400 years and Earth system model simulations.

Microscopy datasets are processed orders-of-magnitude faster with improved algorithms and deep learning.

The vertebrate-conserved and germline-specific RNA-binding protein DND1 recruits the CCR4–NOT deadenylase complex to destabilize its mRNA targets and is required for the maintenance of germline stem cells.

Analyses of post-transcriptional gene regulation and the protein factors involved have been substantially driven forward by technological advances such as next-generation sequencing and modern protein mass spectrometry. This Analysis provides a census of 1,542 manually curated RNA-binding proteins, for which the authors have investigated interactions with different classes of RNA, evolutionary conservation, abundance and tissue-specific expression.

Alphaviruses need to selectively package genomic viral RNA for transmission, but the packaging mechanism remains unclear. Here, Brown et al. combine PAR-CLIP with biotinylated capsid protein (Cp) retrieval and identify multiple Cp binding sites on genomic viral RNA that promote virion formation.

RNA-recognition elements are identified for the fragile-X-syndrome-associated RNA-binding protein FMRP, in addition to its target messenger RNAs; although many of FMRP gene targets discovered are involved in brain function and autism spectrum disorder, a proportion are also dysregulated in mouse ovaries, suggesting cross-regulation of signalling pathways in different tissues.

Visualisation of TARP localisation is hindered by existing imaging tools. Here the authors report a labelling and imaging platform using genetic code expansion and non-canonical amino acids; they use this to fluorescently label live neurons and localise TARP proteins using super resolution microscopy.

The microRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC) protein TNRC6 (also called GW182) uses dispersed tryptophan-containing repeats in unstructured regions to recruit the CCR4–NOT nuclease complex leading to mRNA deadenylation and inhibition of translation initiation according to new research.

Small interfering (siRNAs) can be toxic to cancer cells. Here the authors investigate the toxicity of microRNA in cancer cells by performing a siRNA screen that tests the miRNA activities of an extensive list of miRNAs with different 6mer seed sequences.

Long-term stability and broad spectral response are highly desired features of absorbers. Here, the authors report impedance matched absorbers based on 2 nm thick gold layer operating within the mid-infrared range from 2 to 20 μm, enabling stable long term absorptivity of 47(3) % which is mostly wavelength independent.

A multiscale Earth system modelling approach that integrates machine learning could pave the way for improved climate projections and support actionable climate science.

Tost et al. show that urban green space exposure improves well-being, particularly in people dwelling in relatively deprived areas and showing less prefrontal activity during emotion processing, a neural signature that is linked to mental health risk.

Ule and colleagues discuss cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) methods for characterizing the RNA binding partners of RNA-binding proteins and explore the data analysis workflows, best practices and applications for these techniques. The Primer also considers methods for characterizing the protein binding partners of specific RNAs and discusses how data from these complementary methods can be integrated into CLIP workflows.