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ParABS systems partition chromosomal DNA and low-copy plasmids in bacteria. Here, the authors elucidate the mode of interaction between ParA and ParB and clarify how ParB stimulates the ATPase activity of ParA to drive the segregation process.

Discovery of a nearly complete skeleton of Huayracursor jaguensis, a Carnian dinosaur from the Northern Precordillera Basin in northwestern Argentina provides evidence of increased body size and early cervical elongation during the Late Triassic epoch.

The authors report a new species of theropod dinosaur from the Triassic Period of Argentina. Despite being one of the earliest theropods, Anteavis crurilongus has derived features more in line with Neotheropoda.

Some biological reactions can require thermodynamically unfavourable electron transfer processes, the occurrence of which are not yet fully understood. Here, the authors provide the structural basis of energy transduction during the reductive activation of B12-dependent methyltransferases.

In this phase 1 trial, patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors were treated with the individualized mRNA neoantigen-specific immunotherapy (iNeST) autogene cevumeran alone or in combination with the anti-PD-L1 agent atezolizumab, showing long-lasting neoantigen-specific immune responses and preliminary clinical activity, supporting further development of this therapeutic approach.

Meta-analyses in up to 1.3 million individuals identify 87 rare-variant associations with blood pressure traits. On average, rare variants exhibit effects ~8 times larger than the mean effects of common variants and implicate candidate causal genes at associated regions.

A Middle Triassic diapsid is presented that has a distinctive crest consisting of integumentary appendages that are structurally distinct from avemetatarsalian feathers.

Current databases of V genes for antibody repertoire have limitations. Here Corcoran et al. develop a computational approach named IgDiscover that can identify germline V gene sequences from expressed antibody repertoires to high specificity and completeness.

A study reports single-cell RNA-sequencing profiles for more than 1.6 million cell nuclei from 101 whole mouse embryos including 22 mutant and 4 wild-type genotypes, from one experiment.

Single-cell analysis of COVID-19 patient samples identifies activated immune pathways that correlate with severe disease.

Urothelial cancer is a challenging disease and an emerging field for targeted therapies. Here, the authors optimize clinical proteomics to provide proteome-level data on tumor specificity and identify robust prognostic subtypes with predictive information for repurposed drug candidates.

Sensitive methods for antibody detection tend to be expensive and slow. Here, the authors report a magnetic particle spectroscopy method named COMPASS, as a rapid and low-cost technique which is comparable to ELISA in terms of sensitivity but with a measurement times of seconds.

This Resource presents the genetic subset of the 136,000 chemical and genetic perturbations tested by the Joint Undertaking for Morphological Profiling (JUMP) Cell Painting Consortium and associated analysis of phenotypic profiles.

We report a late-stage tadpole of the stem-anuran Notobatrachus degiustoi from the Middle Jurassic of Patagonia, a finding that has dual importance because it represents the oldest-known tadpole and describes an exquisitely preserved stem-anuran larva.

Temporal multi-omic analysis of tissues from rats undergoing up to eight weeks of endurance exercise training reveals widespread shared, tissue-specific and sex-specific changes, including immune, metabolic, stress response and mitochondrial pathways.

Analysis of blood pressure data from the Million Veteran Program trans-ethnic cohort identifies common and rare variants, and genetically predicted gene expression across multiple tissues associated with systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure in over 775,000 individuals.

A very high-energy muon observed by the KM3NeT experiment in the Mediterranean Sea is evidence for the interaction of an exceptionally high-energy neutrino of cosmic origin.  

Single-cell analysis reveals how anti-hypertensive drugs affect the risk of severe disease in patients with COVID-19 who have hypertension.

An analysis of the interactions between 15 drugs and 25 gut bacterial strains shows that bioaccumulation of drugs within bacterial cells is another mechanism through which gut microorganisms can alter drug availability and efficacy.

Computed tomography analysis of the braincase of the Early Devonian placoderm fish Kolymaspis sibirica suggests a skeletal gill support was involved in the origin of the shoulder girdle and provides new evidence reconciling historic theories about the evolution of paired fins.

The immune synapse promotes cellular information exchange but the role of biophysical forces in synapse function is unclear. Here, the authors show that B cells exert two types of forces, a centripetal myosin II-driven force and a central actin protrusive force at the site of antigen extraction.

It is known that exercise influences many human traits, but not which tissues and genes are most important. This study connects transcriptome data collected across 15 tissues during exercise training in rats as part of the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium with human data to identify traits with similar tissue specific gene expression signatures to exercise.

A well-preserved partial skeleton (Upper Triassic, Brazil) of the new lagerpetid Venetoraptor gassenae gen. et sp. nov. offers a more comprehensive look into the skull and ecology of dinosaur and pterosaur precursors.

Minjinia turgenensis, an Early Devonian fish, preserves anatomical details consistent with it being a stem gnathostome, but also endochondral bone similar to that of osteichthyans. These findings suggest that endochondral bone is an ancestral condition subsequently lost in chondrichthyans.

Our understanding of the origin of jaws is hampered by the poor fossil preservation of pharyngeal morphology. Here, Dearden et al. provide insight into the skull conditions of early jawed vertebrates through three-dimensional computed tomography imaging of a 415 million year old stem-chondrichthyan.

The potential for neutrinos to travel faster than light challenges fundamental physics, yet remains unconfirmed. The authors utilize the KM3NeT neutrino telescope to impose stringent constraints on Lorentz-violating superluminal neutrino velocities, reinforcing the standard understanding of Lorentz symmetry and impacting future theoretical and experimental explorations in particle physics.

Meiotic drive elements are selfish genetic elements that mediate a skew in their sexual transmission from parent to offspring. Here, the authors sequence and analyze large and complex genomic regions associated with meiotic drive elements in the fungus Neurospora intermedia.

NS1 of influenza A virus inhibits TRIM25 activity, which is an E3 ligase important for induction of the interferon response. Here, Koliopoulos et al. present structures of TRIM25 and NS1 and show how NS1 binding interferes with substrate recognition of TRIM25.

The claws of the Cambrian lobopodian Hallucigenia resemble the claws and jaws of extant onychophorans, establishing a close relationship between hallucigeniid lobopodians and onychophorans, resolving tardigrades as the closest extant relatives of true arthropods, and showing that the earliest ancestor of the arthropods and their kin would have looked like a lobopodian.

A re-analysis of the 508-million-year-old stem-group onychophoran Hallucigenia sparsa from the Burgess Shale shows that its anterior gut has structures that indicate evolutionary links with more disparate phyla such as nematodes and kinorhynchs; Hallucigenia now provides concrete evidence of structures that might have existed in the last common ancestor of the Ecdysozoa, previously a matter of conjecture.

Early stellarator designs suffered from high particle losses, an issue that can be addressed by optimization of the coils. Here the authors measure the magnetic field lines in the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator, confirming that the complicated design of the superconducting coils has been realized successfully.

An 8.7 million year old ape from Türkiye shows that Mediterranean fossil apes are diverse and part of the first known radiation of hominines (African apes and humans). Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that hominines originate in Europe.

Using a multi-omics approach, the authors examine the molecular drivers of sexual dimorphism in the subcutaneous adipose tissue from sedentary and endurance-trained rats. These data provide a valuable resource for adipose tissue-related research.

Histone deacetylase 2 is shown to suppress genes involved in cognitive function epigenetically, potentially opening the door to treatments for Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases by developing HDAC2-selective inhibitors.

The astronomical event GW170817, detected in gravitational and electromagnetic waves, is used to determine the expansion rate of the Universe, which is consistent with and independent of existing measurements.