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Closed timelike curves are solutions to the equations of general relativity that permit the possibility of time travel. Ringbauer et al.experimentally emulate the quantum equivalent of these solutions to explore the nature of such phenomena, their implications and relationship to quantum mechanics.

Encoding quantum information in qudits instead of qubits allows for several advantages, but scalable native entangling techniques would be needed. Here, the authors show how to use light-shift gates to perform entangling operations on trapped ion systems, with a calibration overhead which is independent on the qudit dimension.

Gelabert et al. examine genomic and archaeological data from Europe’s earliest farming communities in Central Europe (5500–5000 bce). They find differentiated genetic networks but no evidence of unequal access to resources linked to sex or kin.

Qubit-based simulations of gauge theories are challenging as gauge fields require high-dimensional encoding. Now a quantum electrodynamics model has been demonstrated using trapped-ion qudits, which encode information in multiple states of ions.

A deterministic correction of errors caused by qubit loss or leakage outside the computational space is demonstrated in a trapped-ion experiment by using a minimal instance of the topological surface code.

Quantum discord is the total non-classical correlation between two systems. This includes, but is not limited to, entanglement. Photonic experiments now demonstrate that separable states with non-zero quantum discord are a useful resource for quantum information processing and can even outperform entangled states.

Little is known about the recent population history or the effects of endogamy on the Pakistani population. Here the authors examine the impact of the biraderi social stratification system on the population structure of individuals of British Pakistani ancestry in the Born in Bradford cohort.

A fault-tolerant, universal set of single- and two-qubit quantum gates is demonstrated between two instances of the seven-qubit colour code in a trapped-ion quantum computer.

Demonstrations of quantum advantage relying on sampling hard-to-compute probability distributions are plagued by difficulties in efficiently confirming the correctness of their output, which is known as the verification problem. Here, the authors use a trapped-ion platform to demonstrate efficient verification of quantum random sampling in measurement-based quantum computing.

Genome-wide ancient DNA data from individuals from the Middle Bronze Age to Iron Age documents large-scale movement of people from the European continent between 1300 and 800 bc that was probably responsible for spreading early Celtic languages to Britain.

Here, the authors use paleogenomic data from the indigenous people of the Canary Islands to shed light on the Prehistory of North Africa, and on how insularity and resources availability shaped the genetic composition of this isolated population.

Two logical qubits are encoded in ensembles of four physical qubits through the surface code, then entangled by lattice surgery, which is a protocol for carrying out fault-tolerant operations.

Qudits are generalizations of qubits that have more than two states, which gives them a performance advantage in some quantum algorithms. The operations needed for a universal qudit processor have now been demonstrated using trapped ions.

Genome-wide analyses of ancient DNA from individuals from California and Mexico shed light on the spread of Mexican ancestry to California and how it correlates with linguistic flow.

An analysis of 15 ancient genomes from individuals dating to AD 1670–1950 from Rapa Nui (also known as Easter Island) addresses questions about the population history of the island.

For most ancient genomes, low sequencing depth restricts genotyping, limiting their study. Here, the authors test imputation performance of ancient human genomes by estimating error rates and potential bias introduced in downstream analyses.