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Cognitive impairments are a key feature of psychopathology. Here, authors exploit the genetic overlap between cognitive dimensions and psychopathology to parse the biology of psychiatric illness and identify “meta-loci” genome segments characterized by specific patterns of overlap.

The association between blood pressure (BP) and migraine is poorly understood. Here, the authors explore this relationship using summary-level GWAS data for BP and migraine. Cross-trait meta-analysis reveals shared loci between BP and migraine, while Mendelian randomization suggests that diastolic BP specifically plays a key role in migraine susceptibility.

Deep γ-ray observations of the Galactic Centre with arcminute angular resolution show traces of petaelectronvolt protons within the central ten parsecs of our Galaxy; the accelerator of these particles could have provided a substantial contribution to Galactic cosmic rays in the past.

Massive star clusters have been suggested to contribute to the acceleration and transport of cosmic rays in our Galaxy. Here, the authors present the detection of a cosmic-ray loaded outflow from the prominent massive star cluster Westerlund 1.

A genetic study identifies hundreds of loci associated with risk tolerance and risky behaviors, finds evidence of substantial shared genetic influences across these phenotypes, and implicates genes involved in neurotransmission.

Pathological cardiac fibrosis is a hallmark of diseases leading to heart failure. Here, the authors used systems genetics to identify a pro-fibrotic gene network regulated by WWP2, a E3 ubiquitin ligase, which orchestrates the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and transcriptional activity of SMAD2 in the diseased heart.

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are a common brain-imaging feature of cerebral small vessel disease. Here, the authors carry out a GWAS and followup analyses for WMH-volume, implicating several variants with potential for risk stratification and drug targeting.

Analysis of palaeoceanographic proxies sensitive to oxygen-deficient zone extent and intensity show that the eastern tropical Pacific was well oxygenated during the warm Miocene, agreeing with model simulations that suggest that the recent deoxygenation trend may eventually reverse.

To what degree do the laws of thermodynamics constrain biological function? This work shows that the amount of free energy dissipated by microbes during growth imposes tight constraints on the versatility of their metabolism.

Simultaneous accurate and efficient prediction of molecular properties relies on combined quantum mechanics and machine learning approaches. Here the authors develop a flexible machine-learning force-field with high-level accuracy for molecular dynamics simulations.

The Arabian Sea and eastern tropical Pacific oxygen minimum zones were better oxygenated during the warm Miocene, but with regional complexities, according to analysis of trace elements and nitrogen isotopes in planktonic foraminifera.

A dust cloud in the line of sight towards supernova remnant RX J1713.7−3946—identified using Gaia data —contributes to the GeV gamma-ray emission of the region.

Ultracompact stellar clusters in the Galactic Centre are likely to be major contributors to the Galactic cosmic ray flux in the multi-TeV energy range. Observations of the diffuse gamma-ray emission from the Galactic Centre and two young massive star clusters correlate with the cosmic-ray distribution.

Observations of the radio galaxy Centaurus A at teraelectronvolt energies resolve its large-scale jet and favour electron synchrotron processes as the source of its X-ray emission.

Cosmic rays at petaelectronvolt energies permeate the Milky Way, but their origin is unknown. This Review Article summarizes the physics required to accelerate particles to these ultrahigh energies, and their potential astrophysical sources (‘PeVatrons’).

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

This study integrates a nitrite-adsorbing ionophore into a copper/carbon nanotube electrified membrane, enabling ultrafast and highly selective ammonia production from low-concentration nitrate in real water sources. This cooperative adsorption approach tunes the local catalyst environment to achieve high activity, selectivity and stability without using precious metals or complex synthesis methods.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

The H.E.S.S. gamma-ray observatory has observed gamma rays with energies of at least 20 TeV from a pulsar, an energy regime that is hard to reconcile with the existing theories of gamma-ray production for such objects.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

Laser-assisted tunnelling allows quantum gases in optical lattices to be exposed to tunable artificial magnetic fields. Using such fields to confine a bosonic gas to an array of one-dimensional ladders, a low-dimensional equivalent of the Meissner effect has been observed.

Electron scattering limits the optical excitations produced by metal-based lasers to femtosecond timescales. But sub-picosecond pulsing can be achieved in a plasmonic nanowire laser by operating near the surface plasmon frequency.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

Previous studies have shown genome-wide associations between polymorphisms in the gene FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) and type 2 diabetes and obesity, and genetic manipulation of Fto in mice causes feeding dysregulation and body weight changes. Here Hess et al. show that FTO affects the activity and function of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and subsequent reward-related behaviors. The study also shows that FTO acts as a demethylating enzyme for specific mRNAs in vivo, including mRNAs in the dopaminergic signaling pathway.

The amplitude of the magnetic field near the Galactic Centre has been uncertain by two orders of magnitude for several decades. A compilation of previous data now reveals a downward break in the region's non-thermal radio spectrum; this requires that the Galactic Centre field be at least ∼50 microgauss on 400 parsec scales, with evidence supporting a field of 100 microgauss. This would imply that over 10% of the Galaxy's magnetic energy is contained in only around 0.05% (or less) of its volume.

Halogen bond is desired for tuning electronic properties by external stimuli. Here, authors reveal a sequential activation of spin crossover and dimer softening, unveiling a key transient state in a prototypical halogen-bonded material.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

Magnetic reconnection, thought to drive solar eruptions, has been studied with remote sensing. The Parker Solar Probe has directly measured reconnection-associated plasma properties in situ in the solar corona, deepening our understanding of the process.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.