Care must be taken to limit the long-term risks of treatment of stage I testicular germ cell tumours (TGCT) as long-term survival is ∼99%. The management of this disease remains controversial as the options are to overtreat to prevent relapse, or to observe and treat only patients who experience disease relapse. In this Review, Chovanec and colleagues discuss the options for the management of clinical stage I TGCT.
- Michal Chovanec
- Nasser Hanna
- Costantine Albany
