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Reconfigurable arrays of up to 448 neutral atoms are used to implement and combine the key elements of a universal, fault-tolerant quantum processing architecture and experimentally explore their underlying working mechanisms.

The experimental demonstration of many-body signal amplification in a solid-state, room-temperature quantum sensor is reported.

Programmable quantum simulations of many-body systems are demonstrated using a reconfigurable array of 51 individually trapped cold atoms with strong, coherent interactions controlled via excitation to Rydberg states.

Discrete time-crystalline order is observed in a driven, disordered ensemble of about one million dipolar spin impurities in diamond at room temperature, and is shown to be very stable to perturbations.

Magic state distillation is achieved with logical qubits on a neutral-atom quantum computer using a dynamically reconfigurable architecture for parallel quantum operations.

A quantum simulation of a (2 + 1)-dimensional lattice gauge theory is carried out on a quantum computer working with neutral atoms trapped by optical tweezers in a Kagome geometry.

Silicon-vacancy centres in diamond are promising candidates as emitters in photonic quantum networks, but their coherence is degraded by large electron-phonon interactions. Sohn et al. demonstrate the use of strain to tune a silicon vacancy’s electronic structure and suppress phonon-mediated decoherence.

A large-scale atom-array architecture enables coherent continuous operation of more than 3,000 physical qubits, where new qubits can be introduced without destroying existing quantum information encoded in the system.

Condensates of excitons have been observed in the quantum Hall regime, but evidence for their existence at low magnetic fields remains controversial. Now evidence of coherence between optically pumped interlayer excitons in MoS₂ marks a step towards confirming exciton condensation at low magnetic fields.

The robustness of edge states against external influence is a phenomenon that has been successfully applied to electron transport. A study now predicts that the same concept can also lead to improved optical devices. Topological protection might, for example, reduce the deleterious influence of disorder on coupled-resonator optical waveguides.

Logical operations can be performed fault-tolerantly with only a constant number of syndrome extraction rounds for a broad class of quantum error correction codes, including the surface code with magic state inputs and feedforward, to achieve ‘transversal algorithmic fault tolerance’.

Digital quantum simulations of Kitaev’s honeycomb model are realized for two-dimensional fermionic systems using a reconfigurable atom-array processor and used to study the Fermi–Hubbard model on a square lattice.

Plasmonics is heralded as the perfect symbiosis of optics, which is quick, and electronics, which works on a small scale. A method for electrically detecting plasmon polaritons using a quantum dot removes the need for far-field optical techniques and could enable nanoscale integrated circuits.

A programmable quantum processor based on encoded logical qubits operating with up to 280 physical qubits is described, in which improvement of algorithmic performance using a variety of error-correction codes is enabled.

A programmable quantum simulator based on Rydberg atom arrays is used to study the collective dynamics of a quantum phase transition and observe the phenomenon of quantum coarsening.

Quantum simulations of chemistry and materials are challenging due to the complexity of correlated systems. A framework based on reconfigurable qubit architectures and digital–analogue simulations provides a hardware-efficient path forwards.

The realization of two-qubit entangling gates with 99.5% fidelity on up to 60 rubidium atoms in parallel is reported, surpassing the surface-code threshold for error correction and laying the groundwork for neutral-atom quantum computers.

Quantum error correction is vital for scalable quantum computing, but it incurs high resource overheads. This Perspective outlines recent breakthroughs and explores the opportunities to reduce the overheads by co-designing across algorithms, error-correction schemes and hardware architecture.

By coupling light to strongly interacting atomic Rydberg states in a dispersive regime, it is possible to induce individual photons to travel as massive particles with strong mutual attraction, such that the propagation of photon pairs is dominated by a two-photon bound state.

Detection of topological phases in experiments is challenging, especially in the presence of incoherent noise. Cong et al. introduce a novel method combining error correction and renormalization-group flow and apply it to characterization of quantum spin liquid phases realized in a Rydberg-atom simulator.

Visible-frequency hyperbolic metasurfaces defined on single-crystal silver exhibit negative refraction and diffraction-free propagation, as well as strong, dispersion-dependent spin–orbit coupling for propagating surface plasmon polaritons, with device performance greatly exceeding those of previous bulk metamaterial demonstrations.

Jumps resulting from the measurement of discrete state changes in single quantum systems have fascinated scientists from the early days of quantum theory. They have now been observed in solid-state quantum bits.

Near-field coupling to surface plasmon polaritons enables the observation of spin-forbidden dark excitonic states in monolayer WSe₂.

Competition between different possible ground states of strongly correlated electron systems can lead to the emergence of mixed states called microemulsions. Now this phenomenon is reported at the melting transition of a Wigner crystal.

Domain-resolved spectroscopy reveals the impact of local atomic registry and crystal symmetry on the exciton properties of individual domains in near-0°-twist-angle MoSe₂/MoSe₂.

Scanning electron microscopy is used to image stacking domains in few-layer graphene, as well as moiré patterns in twisted van der Waals heterostructures, allowing for the correlation of the local structure with their excitonic properties.

Andersen et al. have demonstrated a new type of beam steering device based on the excitonic response of an atomically thin semiconductor. Using electrostatic gates, the authors achieved tunable steering with switching times on the nanosecond scale.

A study demonstrates the application of Floquet Hamiltonian engineering to ultracold trapped polar molecules to realize interactions relevant to quantum metrology and many-body physics.

Quantum low-density parity-check codes are highly efficient in principle but challenging to implement in practice. This proposal shows that these codes could be implemented in the near term using recently demonstrated neutral-atom arrays.

A programmable quantum simulator with 256 qubits is created using neutral atoms in two-dimensional optical tweezer arrays, demonstrating a quantum phase transition and revealing new quantum phases of matter.

A cold, dense atomic gas is found to be optically nonlinear at the level of individual quanta, thereby opening possibilities for quantum-by-quantum control of light fields, including single-photon switching and deterministic quantum logic.

Here, the authors use electrostatic gates to trap interlayer excitons (IE) in MoSe₂/WSe₂ heterobilayers. They observe an exponential broadening of the IE emission linewidth that signals the IE ionization threshold.

This paper reports magnetic imaging of immunolabeled mammalian cells using nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond and shows that the method can be used for quantitative profiling of markers.

Formation of a homogeneous two-dimensional electron gas in transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures allows for efficient electrical control of charge carriers and excitons.

Excitations to Rydberg states in a gas of ultracold atoms are used to produce a robust, nonlinear phase shift of exactly π/2 between two photons, which is protected against variations in experimental parameters by a symmetry of the system.

A nitrogen–vacancy centre in diamond can be used as a probe for nanoscale NMR and MRI of multiple nuclear species.

A quantum processer is realized using arrays of neutral atoms that are transported in a parallel manner by optical tweezers during computations, and used for quantum error correction and simulations.

Interfacing spin quantum memories with photons requires the controlled creation of defect centre—nanocavity systems. Here the authors demonstrate direct, maskless creation of single silicon vacancy centres in diamond nanostructures, and report linewidths comparable to naturally occurring centres

Optical signatures reveal correlated insulating Wigner crystals—electron solids—in a bilayer of a two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide, MoSe₂, with hexagonal boron nitride between the layers.

A quantum circuit-based algorithm inspired by convolutional neural networks is shown to successfully perform quantum phase recognition and devise quantum error correcting codes when applied to arbitrary input quantum states.

Single-crystal diamond is a promising material for applications in classical and quantum optics, but the lack of scalable fabrication remains an issue. Here, Burek et al. adapt angle-etching nanofabrication techniques to realize ring resonators and photonic crystal cavities in single crystal diamond with quality factors in excess of 10⁵.

A proposal describes how to detect topologically ordered states of ultracold matter in an optical lattice, and shows how these exotic states, which strongly correlated quantum systems can exhibit, could be harnessed for practical applications, such as robust quantum computation.

A Rydberg atom quantum simulator with programmable interactions is used to experimentally verify the quantum Kibble–Zurek mechanism through the growth of spatial correlations during quantum phase transitions.

This review article summarizes the emerging field of quantum nonlinear optics. Three major approaches to generate optical nonlinearities based on cavity quantum electrodynamics, atomic ensembles with large Kerr nonlinearities and strong atomic interactions are reviewed. Applications of quantum nonlinear optics and many-body physics with strongly interacting photons are also discussed.

High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at the scale of single cells is achieved by combining a magnetometer consisting of an ensemble of nitrogen–vacancy centres with a narrowband synchronized readout protocol.