Endoscopy is the primary diagnostic and therapeutic tool for upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Faced with the clinical mandate of performing therapeutic endoscopy, the gastroenterologist encounters a myriad of available techniques, including various forms of injection, ablation, and mechanical therapy. This Review article comprehensively analyzes the principles, indications, instrumentation, techniques, and efficacy of endoscopic hemostasis, and describes important, practical, details to improve the safety and efficacy of these procedures.
