Oncolytic viruses create an inflamed tumour microenvironment allowing T cells to respond to immune checkpoint blockade therapy more efficiently. Authors here show that in a hepatocellular carcinoma model, a dominant anti-viral rather than anti-tumour T cell response is elicited by an oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus, unless the virus is designed to express tumour antigens, which restores therapeutic benefit.
- Mason J. Webb
- Thanich Sangsuwannukul
- Richard Vile
