Prostate cancer has a wide spectrum of biological aggressiveness, but characterization of prostate-cancer aggressiveness at the time of diagnosis can be difficult. Tumor vascularization positively correlates with disease progression and, therefore, markers of angiogenesis could be indicators of clinical outcomes. Circulating endothelial progenitors and circulating endothelial cells play an integral part in neovascularization, and in this Review the authors discuss the potential of these cells as prognostic indicators.
- Harry D Georgiou
- Benjamin Namdarian
- Christopher M Hovens