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China operates a national surveillance program for acute respiratory infections and sampled over 200,000 patients between 2009–2019. Here, the authors present results from this program and describe patterns by age, pathogen type, presence of pneumonia, and season.

Operational stability and mechanical robustness remain as engineering bottlenecks in perovskite solar cells technology. Here, Dong et al. introduce an interpenetrating perovskite at the electron-transporting-layer interface that enables a 1000-hour stable operation and high endurance against bending fatigue over 2500 cycles.

While Pt is an active fuel cell catalyst, it’s low abundance and high cost spurs research into boosting performances from lesser Pt amounts. Here, authors design atomically precise triphenylphosphine-stabilized Pt nanoclusters with high activities and durabilities for electrocatalytic H₂ oxidation.

Considerable attention has been drawn to tune the geometric and electronic structure of interfacial catalysts via modulating strong metal-support interactions (SMSI). Here the authors report the remarkable catalytic performance of CO hydrogenation over an interfacial TiO_2−x/Ni catalyst by means of SMSI.

Pigs are important large animal models for biomedical research. Here, the authors construct a single-cell landscape of pig tissues, unravelling the phenotypic heterogeneity of blood endothelial cells in adipose tissues and the evolutionally conserved regulons of microglia in brains.

Photoelectron spectroscopy measurements uncover a singularity over a wide doping range in the cuprate superconductor Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+δ, suggesting a competition between the charge-ordering and the superconducting phases.

Recurrent sporadic mutations are important risk factors for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) but have been primarily investigated in European cohorts. Here, Eichler, Xia and colleagues analyse risk genes in a large Chinese ASD cohort and find novel recurrences of potential pathogenic significance.

During aging, the ability of skeletal muscle to repair itself declines, in part due to a decrease in muscle stem cells. Here, the authors report that muscle stem cells that accumulate mitochondrial damage fuse with existing muscle fibers in a manner that depends on the induction of Scinderin.

A heterodimensional superlattice consisting of an alternating array of a two-dimensional material and a one-dimensional material shows unconventional octahedral stacking and an unexpected room-temperature anomalous Hall effect.

This study presents the assembly and analysis of the genome sequence of a female domestic Duroc pig and a comparison with the genomes of wild and domestic pigs from Europe and Asia; the results shed light on the evolutionary relationship between European and Asian wild boars.

Unconventional superconductivity is often associated with the presence of other kinds of electronic order. Observations of charge order in infinite-layer nickelate superconductors show that they fit this pattern.

A combination of photoemission and scanning tunnelling spectroscopy measurements provide compelling evidence that single layers of 1T'-WTe₂ are a class of quantum spin Hall insulator.

It has been suggested that the strange metal phase in cuprates stems from a quantum critical point slightly above optimal doping. By resonant x-ray scattering in two cuprate families in a wide doping range, Arpaia et al. show that charge density fluctuations could be associated with this quantum critical point.

Low-k dielectric materials are essential to allow continued electronics miniaturization, but their low thermal conductivity limits performance. Here, two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks are shown to combine high thermal conductivity with a low dielectric constant.

A high-precision angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) study on the superconductor Bi2212 resolves the spectroscopic singularity associated with the superconducting transition temperature, and indicates that the transition is driven by phase fluctuations.

The genomes of two fern species, Azolla filiculoides and Salvinia cucullata, are reported and provide insights into fern-specific whole-genome duplications, fern-specific insect-resistant gene evolution and fern–cyanobacterial symbiosis.

Combining Indigenous insights with neuroscience methods through Two-Eyed Seeing can broaden the understanding of brain function and mental wellbeing by merging reductionist and holistic perspectives across various domains, while promoting allyship, humility and inclusive communication.

The analysis of biomolecular frustration yielded insights into several aspects of protein behavior. Here the authors describe a framework to efficiently quantify and localize biomolecular frustration within proteins at atomic resolution, and observe that drug specificity is correlated with a minimally frustrated binding pocket leading to a funneled binding landscape.

One of the key aspects for controlling infectious diseases is understanding how pathogens cross host species. Here the authors conduct a genome-wide analysis of Salmonella and show a high degree of variation, enabling host-adapted colonization among Salmonellaintestinal and systemic serovars.

Regulating the adsorption behaviour of the polysulfide species is the key to achieving highly stable Li-S batteries. Here, the authors show that amorphization-induced redistribution of d orbitals enable CoO to be a favourable candidate for polysulfide adsorption and conversion.

Whole-genome sequencing of 3,171 cultivated and 195 wild chickpea accessions is used to construct a chickpea pan-genome, providing insight into chickpea evolution and enabling breeding strategies that could improve crop productivity.

The development of a transgene-free, rapid and controllable method for producing eight-cell-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells provides a valuable resource to study early human embryogenesis.

Electrochemical phase transformation in ion-insertion crystalline electrodes is accompanied by compositional and structural changes. The formation of oriented phase domains and the development of strain gradient is now mapped quantitatively during the electrochemical ion-insertion process.

Perception plays a pivotal role in advancing future intelligent textiles. Here, the authors develop smart perceptual textiles using natural-derived ionic-conductive silk fibers. These textiles can electrically detect external hazards and precisely pinpointing human touch, making them suitable for smart protective clothing and soft human-machine interfaces.

Observation of a faint Fermi surface inside the pseudogap of an electron-doped cuprate suggests that Cooper pairing is mediated by antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations.

While inducing strain to noble metal nanomaterials can modulate catalytic activities, the strain is often spatially dependent. Here, authors manipulate the planar strain in noble metal nanosheets for hydrogen evolution electrocatalysis by constructing amorphous–crystalline phase boundaries.

The authors performed whole-genome resequencing of 429 chickpea lines sampled from 45 countries. They identified 122 candidate regions (204 genes) under selection during chickpea breeding.

Bensinger and colleagues show that interferons promote host cell resistance to bacterial cytolysins by decreasing cholesterol synthesis and promoting the esterification of cholesterol, which alters the availability of this pool of ‘free’ cholesterol needed for pore formation.

Hypersonic and aerospace applications motivate development of materials with improved resistance against ablation and oxidation at high temperatures. Here authors demonstrate a quaternary carbide, where sealing by surface oxides, slow oxygen diffusion and a graded structure yield improved ablation resistance over established ceramics.

An environmentally friendly, all-organic radical battery is demonstrated, in which redox-active polypeptides perform as both cathode and anode materials, with a metal-free organic electrolyte.

The existence of topological conducting surfaces on insulators has been demonstrated by angular photoemission spectroscopy, but the number of transport experiments on these systems have so far been scarce. Transport evidence of topological surface states is now shown in Bi₂Se₃ nanoribbons through the observation of Aharonov–Bohm oscillations.

The stability over time of the zonal jets on the giant planets has been debated. An analysis of observations from the Cassini spacecraft reveals an acceleration of wind velocities in Saturn’s high-altitude equatorial jet between 2004 and 2009, by 20 m s⁻¹ at tropopause level and by 60 m s⁻¹ in the stratosphere.

Magnetotransport measurements show that ZrTe₅ exhibits an anomalous Hall effect without magnetic ordering, a signature of Berry curvature introduced by Weyl nodes. This indicates that ZrTe₅ may be a Weyl semimetal, even though this was not predicted.

CRISPR–Cas9 genome editing is used to induce a DNA repair response and correct a disease-causing heterozygous mutation in human embryos with reduced mosaicism and preferential repair using the wild-type copy of the gene.

Photoemission studies in the pseudogap state of a cuprate superconductor show differences depending on whether a particle is added or removed, revealing broken translational symmetry. Moreover, this particle–hole asymmetry coincides with the opening of the pseudogap.

Transition metal dichalcogenides offer a platform to study light-matter interaction in atomically thin semiconductors. Here, the authors perform ab initiocalculations to illustrate the possibility of optical control of chiral edge modes, outlining a strategy to manipulate topological states.

A draft sequence of the staple crop kabuli chickpea, together with resequencing and analysis of 90 additional lines from 10 countries, provides a resource for breeders.

Microenvironmental pressures in glioblastoma select for glioma stem cells (GSCs) subpopulations that are maintained through preferential activation of BMI1 and EZH2 in different niches. Given the high degree of intratumor heterogeneity, combined pharmacological inhibition of Polycomb repressive complexes targets proneural and mesenchynmal GSCs and expands lifespan in mice, warranting the therapeutic evaluation of this approach in patients with glioblastoma.

Contrary to the view that urbanization is a major driver of the global rise in obesity, the global increase in body-mass index is shown to be mostly due to increases in the body-mass indexes of rural populations.

A consortium reports the tripling of the number of genetic markers in Phase II of the International HapMap Project. This map of human genetic variation will continue to revolutionize discovery of susceptibility loci in common genetic diseases, and study of genes under selection in humans.

The One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative provides a robust phylogenomic framework for examining green plant evolution that comprises the transcriptomes and genomes of diverse species of green plants.

Liu et al. investigate sex-specific associations between DNA methylation and serum urate levels before and after BCG vaccination. They identify distinct epigenetic signatures linked to urate levels in males and females, offering insights for personalized approaches to urate-related disease management.

The use of diamondoids as structure-directing agents allows the synthesis of metal–organic chalcogenide nanowires with an inorganic core having a three-atom cross-section and band-like conductivity.