Nature Search

Unextractable fossil fuels in a 1.5 °C world

A global energy system model finds that planned fossil fuel extraction is inconsistent with limiting global warming to 1.5 °C, because the majority of fossil fuel reserves must stay in the ground.

Dan Welsby
James Price
Paul Ekins
Research08 Sept 2021
Nature

Volume: 597, P: 230-234
An equitable redistribution of unburnable carbon

The allocation of remaining fossil fuel production has stimulated a discussion around issues of equitable allocation but the implications of different options are unclear. Here the authors show that shifting production to low-medium human development regions has limited economic benefits under strong climate policy.

Steve Pye
Siân Bradley
Paul Ekins
ResearchOpen Access07 Aug 2020
Nature Communications

Volume: 11, P: 1-9
Publisher Correction: Realistic roles for hydrogen in the future energy transition

Nathan Johnson
Michael Liebreich
Iain Staffell
Amendments and Corrections07 Nov 2025
Nature Reviews Clean Technology

Volume: 1, P: 903
Brain histamine receptors as targets for antidepressant drugs

Philip D. Kanof
Paul Greengard
Research01 Mar 1978
Nature

Volume: 272, P: 329-333
Author Correction: Unextractable fossil fuels in a 1.5 °C world

Dan Welsby
James Price
Paul Ekins
Amendments and Corrections25 Jan 2022
Nature

Volume: 602, P: E22-E23
Nicotinic cholinergic stimulation increases cyclic GMP levels in vertebrate skeletal muscle

ERIC J. NESTLER
KURT G. BEAM
PAUL GREENGARD
Research01 Oct 1978
Nature

Volume: 275, P: 451-453
Histamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in mammalian brain

LINDA R. HEGSTRAND
PHILIP D. KANOF
PAUL GREENGARD
Research11 Mar 1976
Nature

Volume: 260, P: 163-165
The geographical distribution of fossil fuels unused when limiting global warming to 2 °C

To limit global warming to a rise of 2 °C compared to pre-industrial levels, we cannot use all of our fossil fuel reserves; here an integrated assessment model shows that this temperature limit implies that we must leave unused a third of our oil reserves, half of our gas reserves and over 80 per cent of our coal reserves during the next 40 years, and indicates where these are geographically located.

Christophe McGlade
Paul Ekins
Research07 Jan 2015
Nature

Volume: 517, P: 187-190
Increased cyclic GMP levels associated with contraction in muscle fibres of the giant barnacle

KURT G. BEAM
ERIC J. NESTLER
PAUL GREENGARD
Research09 Jun 1977
Nature

Volume: 267, P: 534-536
Limits to agricultural land for retaining acceptable levels of local biodiversity

Agricultural expansion removes habitat vital for biodiversity. This modelling study finds that 4.6–11.2% of global ice-free land can be devoted to crops and 7.9–15.7% to pasture to support commonly suggested levels of local biodiversity—less than suggested in previous studies.

Arkaitz Usubiaga-Liaño
Georgina M. Mace
Paul Ekins
Research11 Jun 2019
Nature Sustainability

Volume: 2, P: 491-498
Impacts of rising temperatures and farm management practices on global yields of 18 crops

The yield variability of 18 crops, representing 70% of global crop area and two-thirds of global calorific intake, is assessed here at the country level for the impacts of weather (temperature and precipitation) and farm management practices (pesticide and fertilizer application, and irrigation).

Paolo Agnolucci
Chrysanthi Rapti
Paul Ekins
Research15 Sept 2020
Nature Food

Volume: 1, P: 562-571
Climate policy implications of nonlinear decline of Arctic land permafrost and other cryosphere elements

Nonlinear transitions in permafrost carbon feedback and surface albedo feedback have largely been excluded from climate policy studies. Here the authors modelled the dynamics of the two nonlinear feedbacks and the associated uncertainty, and found an important contribution to warming which leads to additional economic losses from climate change.

Dmitry Yumashev
Chris Hope
Gail Whiteman
ResearchOpen Access23 Apr 2019
Nature Communications

Volume: 10, P: 1-11
Autoantigen microarrays for multiplex characterization of autoantibody responses

William H. Robinson
Carla DiGennaro
Paul J. Utz
Advertorial01 Mar 2002
Nature Medicine

Volume: 8, P: 295-301
Realistic roles for hydrogen in the future energy transition

Hydrogen has been proposed as a fuel for widespread use since the 1970s, but uptake has repeatedly fallen below projections, primarily due to high costs. This Perspective considers hydrogen’s potential in relation to rapidly improving competitor technologies, and outlines steps for prioritising roles for clean hydrogen within the energy transition.

Nathan Johnson
Michael Liebreich
Iain Staffell
Reviews22 Apr 2025
Nature Reviews Clean Technology

Volume: 1, P: 351-371
Affecting climate in a second-best world

Paul Ekins
Books & Arts25 Feb 1999
Nature

Volume: 397, P: 664
Limited climate benefits of global recycling of pulp and paper

Waste recycling is part of a circular economy, but for some materials its environmental benefits are unclear. Looking at the circularity of the global paper life cycle, under various levels of waste recycling, this study shows that any climate benefits hinge on reducing the carbon intensity of the energy used.

Stijn van Ewijk
Julia A. Stegemann
Paul Ekins
Research19 Oct 2020
Nature Sustainability

Volume: 4, P: 180-187
Divestment prevails over the green paradox when anticipating strong future climate policies

Fossil fuel market response to future climate policies could result in divestment in anticipation, or accelerated extraction—the green paradox. This study projects reduced emissions due to anticipation effects prior to policy implementation.

Nico Bauer
Christophe McGlade
Paul Ekins
Research29 Jan 2018
Nature Climate Change

Volume: 8, P: 130-134
Personal carbon allowances revisited

Personal carbon allowances (PCAs) could support climate mitigation efforts but would need to be carefully designed to avoid impacts on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This Perspective discusses why the time is ripe for reconsidering PCAs and provides a set of SDG-based design principles for the future adoption of PCAs.

Francesco Fuso Nerini
Tina Fawcett
Paul Ekins
Reviews16 Aug 2021
Nature Sustainability

Volume: 4, P: 1025-1031

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