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Rice paddies are a major source of the Earth’s atmospheric methane, making these important food crops potent contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. Here the authors show that inoculation of paddies with a particular bacterium could significantly curb methane production.

Cable bacteria are centimeter-long filamentous microbes that conduct electrons via internal wires, thus coupling sulfide oxidation between sediment layers. Here, Bjerg et al. show that the anoxic part of oxygen-respiring cable bacteria attracts swarms of other bacteria, which appear to transfer electrons to cable bacteria via soluble metabolites.

Filamentous cable bacteria conduct electrical currents over centimeter distances through fibers embedded in their cell envelope. Here, Boschker et al. show that the fibers consist of a conductive core containing nickel proteins that is surrounded by an insulating protein shell.

A flexible micro-electrocorticography brain–computer interface that integrates a 256 × 256 array of electrodes, signal processing, data telemetry and wireless powering on a single complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor substrate can provide stable, chronic in vivo recordings.

Jordan et al. test two titanium cable-clamp implants to reduce pubic symphyseal gapping. Using synthetic bone models and cadaver specimens they show that their implants provide stabilities equivalent to that of a traditional symphyseal plate fixation.

This paper analyses the longest sediment flows measured in action on Earth. These seabed flows were caused by floods and spring tides, and flushed prodigious sediment and carbon volumes into the deep sea, as they accelerated for a thousand kilometres.

The extreme hot and dry conditions of 2023 reduced soil respiration and enhanced net forest carbon sequestration in Canada, offsetting wildfire emissions, according to satellite-based and in situ observations of CO₂ fluxes.

The authors theoretically delineate the maximal increases in tree growth that can be expected from increases in plant intrinsic water-use efficiency, which increases with rising CO₂. They highlight environmental and physiological limits on growth in the context of experimental data.

Long-distance extracellular electron transfer has been observed in Gram-negative bacteria. Here, Yang et al. show that a filamentous, unicellular Gram-positive bacterium is capable of bidirectional extracellular electron transfer, and forms centimetre-range conductive networks consisting of 1mm-long cells and conductive appendages.

The authors create a distributed sensor array that achieves optical super-resolution without lenses, using computational synchronization to combine multiple sensors and expand imaging areas 16-fold beyond physical sensor dimensions.

A 1,024-channel microelectrode array is delivered to the brain cortex via a minimally invasive incision in the skull and dura, and allows recording, stimulation and neural decoding across large portions of the brain in porcine models and human neurosurgical patients.

Rural coastal communities depend on natural ecosystems, such as mangrove forests and wetlands, for protection against local sea level rise. Mangroves prove relatively resilient to sea level rise; however, landward shoreline retreat persists, forcing rural communities from coastal settlements.

A large, open dataset containing parallel recordings from six visual cortical and two thalamic areas of the mouse brain is presented, from which the relative timing of activity in response to visual stimuli and behaviour is used to construct a hierarchy scheme that corresponds to anatomical connectivity data.

Nociceptin is an opioid peptide regulating important brain functions, including motivation and 2stress responses. Here, the authors develop and validate a genetically encoded sensor as a tool for high-resolution detection of endogenous nociceptin in living animals.

DREDge is a software tool for motion correction of high-density electrophysiology recordings. It can handle action potential or local field potential data and is demonstrated on a variety of acute or chronic recordings from humans, nonhuman primates and mice.

This study describes the properties of dendritic electrogenesis in rat hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons and distinguishes the functional differences between proximal dendrites and distal dendrites, which receive differential inputs from the mossy fibers and the perforant pathways, respectively.

Giant submarine gravity flows are a key mechanism in global sediment transport, yet their properties remain enigmatic. Here, the authors reconstruct the properties of a historic giant submarine gravity flow from deposits across the seafloor.

The integration of ultraflexible energy harvesters and energy storage devices to form flexible power systems remains a significant challenge. Here, the authors report a system consisting of organic solar cells and zinc-ion batteries, exhibiting high power output for wearable sensors and gadgets.

A consensus cell type atlas for the fly brain provides both an intellectual framework and open-source toolchains for brain-scale comparative connectomics.

The degree to which wildfire activity in Australia is affected by climate change is not well quantified. Here, the authors show that the frequency of forest fires and the area burned have increased significantly over recent decades, mainly due to an increase in dangerous fire weather conditions through warmer temperature and circulation changes.

Using subcellular patch-clamp axonal recordings in rat hippocampal slices, this study describes the physiological properties of action potential (AP) initiation and propagation in parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic interneurons/basket cells (BCs). Hu and Jonas also show a gradual increase in Na⁺ conductance along the BC axon away from the soma, and that this differential distribution of sodium conductance along the small-diameter axons can ensure fast and reliable AP propagation to account for the unique functions of these interneurons.

The authors report a method for producing co-factor-free fibrils from all full-length Tau isoforms. The method paves the way for reconstituting pathology resembling Tau fibrils and enables screening of Tau aggregation-modifying compounds for targeted therapies and PET tracers.

Here, the authors present MRI hardware and an image-processing pipeline for simultaneous functional imaging of two marmosets within the same scanner, removing the confounds of remote hyperscanning.

Moculus is a virtual reality headset for mice that allows realistic display of three-dimensional environments. The system improves performance in visual-learning tasks and can be combined with various microscopes to study neural circuitry.

Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is a severe brain disorder caused by autoantibodies that trigger NMDA receptor loss. Here, the authors show that ART5803, a monovalent antibody, blocks this process and restores function in cell and primate models.

Photonic integrated circuits allow laser displays to be flattened into a compact form factor while improving efficiency and colour performance.

Chen et al. present a filament conductivity change mechanism in memristive devices with all ohmic electrodes, allowing for advanced functionalities and more effective emulation of the metaplasticity concept in neuroscience.

In this work, authors utilise genome-wide CRISPRi screening to identify vulnerabilities in isoniazid-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Changes in the leaf area index alter the distribution of heat and moisture. The change in energy partitioning related to leaf area, increasing latent and decreasing sensible fluxes over the observational period 1982–2016, is moderated by plant functional type and background climate.

Fragile X syndrome and autism spectrum disorders are associated with circuit hyperexcitability, however, its cellular and synaptic bases are not well understood. Here, the authors report abnormal synaptogenesis with an increased prevalence of polysynaptic spines with normal morphology in a mouse model of fragile X.

Techniques to perform long-term recordings of brain activity from different areas are key to investigating many processes. Here, the authors introduce a tentacular implant with many independent fibers to track neuronal ensembles spanning multiple brain areas for months.

A combination of hardware developments has increased the achievable spatial resolution in 7 Tesla human neuroimaging to about 0.4 mm.

Changes in EEG delta-activity are widely used as proxy of sleep propensity. Here the authors demonstrate in mice and humans the presence of two types of delta-waves, only one of which reports on prior sleep-wake history with dynamics denoting a wake-inertia process accompanying deepest non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREM) sleep.

The loss of a dominant species in a community could have major impacts on ecosystem functioning. Here, a manipulative field experiment on ants shows that species functional redundancy mitigates multifunctionality declines due to suppression of dominant species.

The mechanism underlying mechanical hyperalgesia is not fully understood. Here authors show opposing roles of tactile afferents in mechanical nociception using mouse pain models.

Offshore wind power may play a key role in decarbonising energy supplies. Here the authors evaluates current grid integration capabilities for wind power in China and find that investment levels should be doubled for 2030, and that long-term storage and transmissions are key to accelerated developments of offshore wind in 2050.

The global net land sink is relatively well constrained. However, the responsible drivers and above/below-ground partitioning are highly uncertain. Model issues regarding turnover of individual plant and soil components are responsible.

The structure of turbidity currents has remained unresolved mainly due to lack of observations. Here the authors present data from a high-resolution monitoring array deployed for 18 months over Monterey Bay, that suggests turbidity currents are driven by dense near-bed layers.