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Creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are biomarkers of tissue damages including myopathy and myocardial infarction. Here, Patrick Sulem and colleagues perform a genome-wide association study to identify common and rare genetic variants that associates with serum CK or LDH levels.

Gudjon Oskarsson et al. report the association of a rare variant in the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor gene, EPOR, with serum EPO levels in the Icelandic population. The variant leads to a truncation of EPO-R without an effect on hemoglobin levels, indicating a possible feedback mechanism in the generation of red blood cells.

Genome-wide-association analyses of datasets from Iceland and the UK identify risk variants for nasal polyps and chronic rhinosinusitis. Notably, a loss-of-function missense variant in ALOX15 confers protection against both phenotypes, thus identifying a potential target for therapeutic intervention.

A genome-wide association study of mosaic loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in UK Biobank participants identifies 156 genetic determinants of LOY, showing that LOY is associated with cancer and non-haematological health outcomes.

Adult height has a strong genetic component and is highly heritable. Here the authors whole-genome sequence 8,453 Icelanders and find novel parent-of-origin derived associations in IGF2-H19 and DLK1-MEG3.

Genome-wide association studies have so far identified eight risk loci for gallstone disease. Here, the authors perform meta-analysis in cohorts from Iceland and the UK which reveals further 21 common and low-frequency risk variants that highlight the role of bile acid homeostasis in gallstone disease.

Mutations in genes encoding NAPDH oxidase subunits are known to be causative for the primary immunodeficiency chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Here, the authors identify CYBC1 mutations in patients with CGD and show that CYBC1 is important for formation of the NADPH complex and respiratory burst.

Uterine leiomyomas are common benign tumors. Here, a meta-analysis of two European leiomyoma GWAS uncovers 21 leiomyoma risk variants at 16 loci, providing evidence of genetic overlap between leiomyoma and various benign and malignant tumors and highlighting the role of estrogen in tumor growth.

A meta-analysis of GWAS studies identified nine sequence variants associated with urticaria. These results and multi-omics analyses support the role of mast cell activation and type 2 immune response in urticaria.

Analysis of long-read sequencing data from 3,622 Icelanders identifies a set of high-confidence structural variants and provides insights into their effect on human traits and diseases.

A genome-wide association study in a cohort of 63,992 Danish blood donors identified an association between complete freedom from headache and a locus in the ADARB2 gene. The association was replicated in a cohort of 13,032 Danish blood donors.

Holm, Ivarsdottir, Olafsdottir et al. compare symptoms and physical measures between Icelanders post SARS-CoV-2 infection with uninfected controls. From reported symptoms, they estimate the prevalence of long COVID as 7% at a median of 8 months after infection, while objective differences between cases and controls in the physical measures were few.

A study of 768 convalescent SARS CoV-2-infected and 500 uninfected Icelanders reveals broad and stable T-cell responses 3-8 months from infection. HLA alleles, disease severity, and age contribute to the heterogeneity of cellular immunity.

Gudjon Oskarsson et al. report a genome-wide association study of hemoglobin concentration in more than 680,000 individuals from Iceland and the UK. They identify six novel rare coding variants at the ACO1 locus that associate with either increased or decreased hemoglobin concentration, two of which have large and opposite effects.

Thorhildur Olafsdottir et al. report a genome-wide association study of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in a total of 15,010 cases and 340,734 controls from Iceland and the UK. They identify 8 sequence variants at 7 loci associated with POP that highlight the role of connective tissue metabolism and estrogen in POP.

Rosa Thorolfsdottir et al. report a genome-wide association study of atrial fibrillation in 29,502 cases and 767,760 controls from Iceland and the UK Biobank. They identify a significant association with coding variants in RPL3L, the first ribosomal gene implicated in atrial fibrillation, and MYZAP, an intercalated disc gene.

Aimee Deaton et al. identify a rare missense variant in the bile acid receptor gene NR1H4, which is associated with lower levels of total cholesterol in the Icelandic population. Hepatocytes expressing the missense variant showed altered expression of a small number of genes, with enrichment in lipid-related pathways.