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Peanut is an important oil and protein crop. Here, the authors presents a population-specific pangenome for the PeanutMAGIC multiparent population and identify a third recessive AhFAD2C gene that can independently segregate and influence oleic acid content in peanut.

Rajeev Varshney and colleagues resequence the whole genomes of 292 pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) cultivars, landraces and wild species. They find genomic regions that were likely targets of domestication and perform genome-wide association analysis to identify candidate genes for agriculturally relevant traits.

QTL-seq approach was utilized for mapping of genomic regions/genes associated with days to flowering and leaf shape in pigeonpea. Analysis of genomic regions and associated SNPs with days to flowering and leaf shape revealed 1 and 4 non-synonymous SNPs, respectively. The study demonstrated sequencing-based trait mapping approach can accelerate trait mapping of the targeted traits.

Resequencing of 390 peanut accessions provides insights into peanut migration and diversity in China. Genome-wide association analysis identifies loci associated with 28 agronomic traits.

A graph-based peanut pangenome constructed using 6 newly assembled and 2 previously published genomes and 269 resequenced accessions highlights the contribution of structural variants to pod size.

Cicer super-pangenome constructed using genome assemblies of eight Cicer annual wild species and two cultivated chickpea species provides insights into the genetic diversity and agronomic trait loci for chickpea improvement.

High-quality genome sequence of cultivated peanut comprising 2.54 Gb with 20 pseudomolecules and 83,709 protein-coding gene models provides insights into genome evolution and the genetic mechanisms underlying seed size and leaf resistance in peanut.

Nature Biotechnology asks a selection of faculty about the most exciting frontier in their field and the most needed technologies for advancing knowledge and applications.

A high-quality genome assembly of pea cultivar ZW6 and pan-genome analyses provide insights into pea genome evolution and domestication as well as genomic resources for pea improvement.

The pan-genome of 17 wheat cultivars grown in China is explored, providing insights into the breeding history of wheat in East Asia.

Draft genome, 994 re-sequenced lines and GWAS for yield-traits provide a resource of genetics and genomics tools for pearl millet researchers and breeders.

Whole-genome sequencing of 3,171 cultivated and 195 wild chickpea accessions is used to construct a chickpea pan-genome, providing insight into chickpea evolution and enabling breeding strategies that could improve crop productivity.

The authors present a reference genome for Hordeum I-genome species. This work unravels genomic features that drive adaptation to salt and alkali environments and could aid in improving crop resilience.

Pigeonpea is an important protein source in many developing countries, but limited genetic resources have constrained its improvement. The draft genome sequence of pigeonpea, the first for a nonindustrial crop and for a grain legume, should facilitate molecular breeding efforts to improve yields for subsistence farmers.

A draft sequence of the staple crop kabuli chickpea, together with resequencing and analysis of 90 additional lines from 10 countries, provides a resource for breeders.

Whole genome data for 221 geo-referenced cultivated and wild accessions of pearl millet reveals their domestication centre in the western Sahara, 4,900 years ago.

The authors performed whole-genome resequencing of 429 chickpea lines sampled from 45 countries. They identified 122 candidate regions (204 genes) under selection during chickpea breeding.

Moso bamboo is a critical species for carbon sequestration and mitigating climate change. This study presents a haplotype-based pangenome that uncovers substantial genetic diversity associated with climate adaptation and enables predictions of genetic vulnerability under future emission scenarios.

We must mine the biodiversity in seed banks to help to overcome food shortages, urge Susan McCouch and colleagues.

Mungbean is a fast-growing and warm-season legume crop, cultivated mainly in Asia. Here, the authors sequence the genomes of both wild and domesticated mungbean varieties and, together with detailed transcriptome data, provide insight into mungbean domestication, polyploidization and speciation.

Three high-quality reference genome assemblies for pearl millet provide a comprehensive platform for accurate characterization and utilization of genetic variation in the gene pool of this crop.

David Bertioli and colleagues report the genomes of Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis, the diploid ancestors of cultivated peanut, Arachis hypogaea. Their analyses are a first step in understanding the evolution of the peanut's tetraploid genome.

The genome sequence of segmental allotetraploid peanut suggests that diversity generated by genetic deletions and homeologous recombination helped to favor the domestication of Arachis hypogaea over its diploid relatives.

This Review explores the challenges and strategies for developing gapless telomere-to-telomere genome assemblies to enhance our understanding of genome organization and improve crops through genome-assisted breeding or gene editing.

Ensuring international benefit-sharing from sequence data without jeopardising open sharing is a major obstacle for the Convention on Biological Diversity and other UN negotiations. Here, the authors propose a solution to address the concerns of both developing countries and life scientists.

Serial-section electron microscopy is used to reconstruct the full brain connectome of eight individual Caenorhabditis elegans at various stages of development, providing insight into the principles underlying brain maturation.

Two studies offer a powerful strategy for combating bacterial blight in rice.

Currently, hunger affects nearly 12 per cent of the world’s population — 4 per cent more than in 2015, when the United Nations launched the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. If all scientific knowledge and technological innovation in crop development were readily available and globally adopted, could zero hunger have been achieved by 2030? Most people recognize the potential for agricultural biotechnology to contribute to food security. However, there has been limited application and adoption of new crop varieties in countries that are disproportionately affected by malnutrition and food insecurity.

In this Review, Bhat et al. highlight ways to mine crop haplotypes and apply them for dissecting complex traits and genomics-assisted breeding (GAB) approaches. This Review presents new avenues to discover superior haplotypes and assemble them in targeted manner in crop breeding for faster delivery of high-yielding cultivars with better adaptation to future climates.