This Review discusses the different subtypes of non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma in terms of molecular, genetic and clinicopathological characteristics as well as response to therapy. The authors highlight challenges associated with the rarity and heterogeneity of this subset of tumours and how investing in future research to find reliable biomarkers will be essential to improve patient outcomes.
- Prerna R. Nepali
- Ahmed Eraky
- Natasha Kyprianou
