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Maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis is essential to human health. Here, the authors identify and characterize a primate-specific long noncoding RNA, called CHROME, that controls cholesterol homeostasis through fine-tuning of miRNAs and whose levels are elevated in human atherosclerosis.

Single-cell proteomics is an emerging technology but protein coverage, throughput and quantitation accuracy are often still insufficient. Here, the authors develop a nested nanowell chip that improves protein recovery, throughput and robustness of isobaric labeling-based quantitative single-cell proteomics.

The authors combine simultaneous transport and X-ray diffraction measurements with in-situ tunable strain to measure the temperature dependence of the shear modulus and elastoresistivity above the nematic transition and the spontaneous orthorhombicity and resistivity anisotropy below the nematic transition of Co-doped BaFe₂As₂.

Accumulation of interseismic strain may now be constrained by satellite observations. Here, the authors show that strain accumulation rates on the North Anatolian Fault are constant for the interseismic period indicating that lower-crustal viscosities from postseismic studies are not representative.

Scanning electron microscopy is used to image stacking domains in few-layer graphene, as well as moiré patterns in twisted van der Waals heterostructures, allowing for the correlation of the local structure with their excitonic properties.

Whole-genome sequence analysis identifies five independent risk loci for Lewy body dementia and demonstrates overlapping genetic architecture with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.

Quantum supremacy is demonstrated using a programmable superconducting processor known as Sycamore, taking approximately 200 seconds to sample one instance of a quantum circuit a million times, which would take a state-of-the-art supercomputer around ten thousand years to compute.

The spin-switching of optically induced polariton condensates can be externally controlled with an electric field, with switching energies below 0.5 fJ.

Perinatal infection with Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is associated with preterm birth, neonatal sepsis, and stillbirth. Here, Korir et al. show that gene cadD, encoding a putative metal efflux transporter, is important for metal detoxification, immune evasion and bacterial proliferation in the pregnant host.

A study combining tunnelling and Andreev reflection spectroscopy with a scanning tunnelling microscope provides evidence for unconventional superconductivity in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene.

A catalogue of predicted loss-of-function variants in 125,748 whole-exome and 15,708 whole-genome sequencing datasets from the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) reveals the spectrum of mutational constraints that affect these human protein-coding genes.

Domain-resolved spectroscopy reveals the impact of local atomic registry and crystal symmetry on the exciton properties of individual domains in near-0°-twist-angle MoSe₂/MoSe₂.

Co-infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are common in cystic fibrosis patients. Here, the authors show that metal depletion induced by a host protein, calprotectin, promotes co-existence of both pathogens by inhibiting production of anti-staphylococcal molecules by P. aeruginosa.

Using tree community data from 29 tropical and temperate sites that have experienced multi-decadal alterations in fire frequency, the authors show repeated burning generally reduces stem density and basal area, with most pronounced effects in savanna ecosystems and in sites with strong wet seasons or strong dry seasons.

A combination of multiview imaging, structured illumination, reconstruction algorithms and deep-learning predictions realizes spatial- and temporal-resolution improvements in fluorescence microscopy to produce super-resolution images from diffraction-limited input images.

Mapping enhancer regulation across human cell types and tissues illuminates genome function and provides a resource to connect risk variants for common diseases to their molecular and cellular functions.

In a cynomolgus macaque model, CRISPR base editors delivered in lipid nanoparticles are shown to efficiently and stably knock down PCSK9 in the liver to reduce levels of PCSK9 and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood.

Eukaryotic phytoplankton-derived sulfonates support the growth of the heterotrophic bacterial SAR11 clade and this is linked to light availability, indicating that sulfonates support microbial networks in the open ocean.

This paper reports integrative molecular analyses of urothelial bladder carcinoma at the DNA, RNA, and protein levels performed as part of The Cancer Genome Atlas project; recurrent mutations were found in 32 genes, including those involved in cell-cycle regulation, chromatin regulation and kinase signalling pathways; chromatin regulatory genes were more frequently mutated in urothelial carcinoma than in any other common cancer studied so far.

Ecosystem services provided by coral reefs to coastal communities can depend on upstream land-use change activities such as forest restoration. This study assessed the social and ecological benefits provided by different watershed interventions designed at regional and national scales in Mesoamerica.

Sensory data about most natural task-relevant variables are entangled with task-irrelevant nuisance variables. Here, the authors present a theoretical framework for quantifying how the brain uses or decodes its nonlinear information which indicates near-optimal nonlinear decoding.

Provora is an ancient supergroup of microbial predators that are genetically, morphologically and behaviourally distinct from other eukaryotes, and comprise two divergent clades of predators—Nebulidia and Nibbleridia—that differ fundamentally in ultrastructure, behaviour and gene content.

Red blood cells (RBCs) have unique properties that have been exploited for therapeutic uses. Here the authors engineer RBCs to co-express tumor associated antigens on MHC I, 4-1BBL and IL-12, generating artificial antigen presenting cells that can induce antigen-specific T cell responses and antitumor immune responses in preclinical models.

Several genomic features have been found for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) but targeted clinical genetic testing fails to predict prognosis. Here, the authors generate an AML prognostic score from RNA-seq data of patients, which successfully stratifies AML patients and which may provide guidance for therapeutic strategies.

He et al. develop a network-based metric of amyloid-β burden by integrating individualized brain connectomes with amyloid-PET imaging. This approach improves prediction of future cognitive decline in older adults and may support earlier identification of individuals at risk of dementia.

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of CaNi₂ shows a band with vanishing dispersion across the full 3D Brillouin zone that is identified with the pyrochlore flat band as well as two additional flat bands that arise from multi-orbital interference of Ni d-electrons.

PTSD has been associated with DNA methylation of specific loci in the genome, but studies have been limited by small sample sizes. Here, the authors perform a meta-analysis of DNA methylation data from 10 different cohorts and identify CpGs in AHRR that are associated with PTSD.

This paper describes molecular subtypes of cervical cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma clusters defined by HPV status and molecular features, and distinct molecular pathways that are activated in cervical carcinomas caused by different somatic alterations and HPV types.

A strategy for inferring phase for rare variant pairs is applied to exome sequencing data for 125,748 individuals from the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). This resource will aid interpretation of rare co-occurring variants in the context of recessive disease.

Cell-type-specific DNA methylation in plants has only been studied for reproductive tissues. Now a study reports cell-type-specific methylomes of the Arabidopsis root meristem, providing insights into the epigenetic diversity between somatic cell types.

FlyWire is an online community and a platform for proofreading electron microscopy-based connectome data of the Drosophila brain.

Solar geoengineering, an emergency climate intervention, could shift one billion people back into areas of malaria risk. Regional tradeoffs and potential adverse outcomes point to the need for health sector planning with Global South leadership.

There is a great need of developing highly sensitive mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis for small cell populations. Here, the authors establish a robotically controlled chip-based nanodroplet processing platform and demonstrate its ability to profile the proteome from 10–100 mammalian cells.

In a new study including 200 families who experienced perinatal death, adding genomic analyses to standard autopsies improved the identification of underlying pathogenic causes and informed genetic counseling.

A longitudinal analysis of humoral immune responses in patients with COVID-19 with varying disease severities reveals that mortality does not correlate with antiviral antibody levels but, instead, with slower seroconversion.

Male patients with COVID-19 have higher plasma levels of innate immune cytokines and chemokines such as IL-8, IL-18 and CCL5 and more non-classical monocytes than female patients, whereas female patients mount robust T cell activation maintained even in older age.

The tidal disruption event AT2019dsg is probably associated with a high-energy neutrino, suggesting that such events can contribute to the cosmic neutrino flux. The electromagnetic emission is explained in terms of a central engine, a photosphere and an extended synchrotron-emitting outflow.

Advances in next generation sequencing have made it possible to precisely characterize the coding mutations that occur during the development and progression of individual cancers. Here, this technique is used to sequence the genomes and transcriptomes of an oestrogen-receptor-α-positive metastatic lobular breast cancer; significant evolution is found to occur with disease progression.

Targeted genetic dissection of tissues can be used to identify cell populations and lineages. Here the authors develop 4-hydroxytamoxifen liposomes for the localized induction of CreER^T2.

The authors present a magnetically powered, self-clearing implantable catheter that can rapidly remove hematoma from the brain without using drugs. Animals treated with this device had significantly better survival following a hemorrhagic stroke compared with regular catheters.

A longitudinal analysis of immune responses in patients with moderate or severe COVID-19 identifies a maladapted immune response profile linked to severe disease.

Michael Talkowski, David FitzPatrick, Erica Davis and colleagues report rare inherited or de novo missense variants in SMCHD1 in arhinia patients. Some of the same mutations in SMCHD1 are known to cause a phenotypically distinct muscular dystrophy disorder, FSHD2, and the distinct clinical features of the two disorders suggests that additional genes interact with SMCHD1 to cause arhinia.

Crystal structures of two complexes of the angiotensin II receptor AT₂R with distinct tightly bound ligands reveal an active-like state of the receptor, in which helix VIII adopts a non-canonical position that blocks binding of G proteins and β-arrestins.

Interfaces between two dissimilar transition metal oxides can exhibit emergent strongly correlated electronic and magnetic states due to charge transfer and electronic reconfiguration. Here, the authors synthesize and investigate an exotic Mott ground state in LaTiO_3+δ/LaNiO₃heterostructures.

The Impact of Genomic Variation on Function Consortium is combining single-cell mapping, genomic perturbations and predictive modelling to investigate relationships between human genomic variation, genome function and phenotypes and will provide an open resource to the community.

A series of early-time, multiwavelength observations of an optical transient, AT2022cmc, indicate that it is a relativistic jet from a tidal disruption event originating from a supermassive black hole.