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The Impact of Genomic Variation on Function Consortium is combining single-cell mapping, genomic perturbations and predictive modelling to investigate relationships between human genomic variation, genome function and phenotypes and will provide an open resource to the community.

Optical observations of Dimorphos, a satellite of the asteroid 65803 Didymos, before, during and after the impact of the DART spacecraft, from a network of citizen science telescopes across the world are reported.

Analysis of data from 33 longitudinal cohorts from low- and middle-income countries indicates that conditions during pre-conception, pregnancy and the first few months of life are crucial in determining the risk of growth faltering in young children.

Although biaryl rings can be easily formed via cross coupling, their tetrahedral, high-fraction sp³ equivalents cannot. Now the scope, mechanism and biological profile of a general attached-ring synthesis has been probed. This provides direct access to full bridgehead substitution via sp³–sp³ coupling and enables rapid entry to natural product space.

A pooled analysis of longitudinal studies in low- and middle-income countries identifies the typical age of onset of linear growth faltering and investigates recurrent faltering in early life.

Cell therapy requires sufficient amounts of therapeutic cells to be delivered to the injured tissue. Here the authors use magnetic iron nanoparticles conjugated with antibodies that bind therapeutic cells and cardiomyocytes to treat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats and show that targeting to the heart is enhanced upon local application of a magnetic field.

Whole-exome sequencing in a large autism study identifies over 100 autosomal genes that are likely to affect risk for the disorder; these genes, which show unusual evolutionary constraint against mutations, carry de novo loss-of-function mutations in over 5% of autistic subjects and many function in synaptic, transcriptional and chromatin-remodelling pathways.

An international team of researchers finds high potential for improving climate projections by a more comprehensive treatment of largely ignored Arctic vegetation types, underscoring the importance of Arctic energy exchange measuring stations.

Multi-nucleotide variants (MNV) are genetic variants in close proximity of each other on the same haplotype whose functional impact is difficult to predict if they reside in the same codon. Here, Wang et al. use the gnomAD dataset to assemble a catalogue of MNVs and estimate their global mutation rate.

Tertiary alcohols are displaced with a nitrogen nucleophile with stereoinversion and with high selectivity over less substituted alcohols, providing complementarity to the S_N2 reaction and efficient access to nitrogenous marine terpenoids.

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia has a hereditary component, much of which remains to be identified. Here, the authors perform a genome-wide association study and find new risk loci for the disease, which are associated with genes involved in immune function.

Rapid extracellular antigen profiling of a cohort of 194 individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 uncovers diverse autoantibody responses that affect COVID-19 disease severity, progression and clinical and immunological characteristics.

The authors generate the largest structural dataset of enzymatic and non-enzymatic metalloprotein sites to date. They use this dataset to train a decision-tree ensemble machine learning algorithm that allows them to distinguish between catalytic and non-catalytic metal sites. The computational model described here could also be useful for the identification of new enzymatic mechanisms and de novo enzyme design.

A study establishes a scalable approach to engineer and characterize a many-body-localized discrete time crystal phase on a superconducting quantum processor.

Bennu’s surface presents evidence of a variety of particle sizes, from fine regolith to metre-sized boulders. Its moderate thermal inertia suggests that the boulders are very porous or blanketed by thin dust. Bennu’s boulders exhibit high albedo variations, indicating different origins and/or ages.

Near-Earth rubble-pile asteroid Bennu has an unexpectedly old surface, with numerous candidate impact craters and morphologically diverse boulders, according to early observations by the OSIRIS-REx mission.

Upstream open reading frames (uORFs), located in 5’ untranslated regions, are regulators of downstream protein translation. Here, Whiffin et al. use the genomes of 15,708 individuals in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) to systematically assess the deleteriousness of variants creating or disrupting uORFs.

There is currently no disease-modifying treatment for Parkinson’s disease, a common neurodegenerative disorder. Here, the authors use genetic variation associated with gene and protein expression to find putative drug targets for Parkinson’s disease using Mendelian randomization of the druggable genome.

Large whole-exome sequencing studies have suggested that the genetic architecture of syndromic congenital heart disease (CHD) is different from sporadic forms. Here, Watkins et al. estimate the relative contribution of damaging recessive and de novo genotypes to CHD in 2391 trios and find them to be associated with different gene functions.

Andersen et al. have demonstrated a new type of beam steering device based on the excitonic response of an atomically thin semiconductor. Using electrostatic gates, the authors achieved tunable steering with switching times on the nanosecond scale.

The width of rod bacteria depends on the balance between the activities of the Rod complex and aPBPs: the Rod complex reduces cell diameter, whereas aPBPs increase it.

Global data collected between 2014 and 2024 provide insights into the distribution and potential transport mechanisms of subsurface microplastics throughout the oceanic water column.

Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP) is an essential coenzyme involved in diverse amino acid transformations. The discovery that Ind4 catalyzes the PLP-dependent oxidation of an unactivated carbon of L-arginine, as a part of the indolmycin biosynthetic pathway, expands the scope of reactions facilitated by PLP-dependent enzymes.

Some quantum spin liquids are expected to have an effective Fermi surface of fractionalized spinon excitations. The two-dimensional spin liquid candidate 1T-TaSe₂ has charge density modulations that may be caused by an unstable spinon Fermi surface.

The resistance gene Sr43, which was crossed into bread wheat from the wild grass Thinopyrum elongatum, encodes an unusual protein kinase fusion protein that confers wheat stem rust resistance.

A novel variant annotation metric that quantifies the level of expression of genetic variants across tissues is validated in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) and is shown to improve rare variant interpretation.

Life cycle assessments are used by corporations to determine the sustainability of raw source materials. Here, Chaplin-Krameret al. develop an improved life cycle assessment approach incorporating spatial variation in land-use change, and apply this framework to a bioplastic case study.

City-level analysis of data from the SALURBAL project shows vast heterogeneity in life expectancy across cities within the same country, in addition to substantive differences in causes of death among nine Latin American countries, revealing modifiable factors that could be leveraged by municipal-level policies aimed toward improving health in urban environments.

Class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs) are generally viewed as noncatalytic readers of acetylated lysines within proteins. Specific inhibitors of class IIa HDACs, based on a new zinc-binding scaffold, offer chemical probes to explore the biological function and potential druggability of this enzyme subclass.

The measurement of the total cross-section of proton–proton collisions is of fundamental importance for particle physics. Here, the first measurement of the inelastic cross-section is presented for proton–proton collisions at an energy of 7 teraelectronvolts using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider.

The crystal structure of the PRC1 ubiquitylation module bound to its nucleosome core substrate is determined, revealing how a histone-modifying enzyme achieves substrate specificity by recognizing nucleosome surfaces distinct from the site of catalysis, and uncovering a unique role for the ubiquitin E2 enzyme in substrate recognition.

Cytosine methyltransferases (DNMTs) often silence transposons in eukaryotic genomes. Here the authors describe the recurrent acquisition of DNMTs by transposons from two distantly-related eukaryotes and suggest that methylation of CG dinucleotides by transposon DNMTs could modify the host epigenome in dinoflagellates.

Materials that combine metallic behaviour with stable electric polarization are scarce despite being proposed in the 1960s. Here the authors engineer a perovskite heterostructure where 2D polar metallic behavior coexists with built-in electric polarization from the displacement of B-site titanium cations.

Challenging long-held assumptions, this research reveals that people can learn to control bionic hands just as effectively, and in some ways better, using arbitrary control strategies compared with control strategies that mimic the human body.

Some broadly neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1 recognize glycan-dependent epitopes on gp120. Now X-ray crystallography and EM approaches, along with functional analyses, reveal how one particular antibody (PGT135) recognizes three glycan groups and can accommodate their conformational and chemical diversity.

Genome-wide analysis of matched human IVF embryonic stem cells (IVF ES cells), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) and nuclear transfer ES cells (NT ES cells) derived by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) reveals that human somatic cells can be faithfully reprogrammed to pluripotency by SCNT; NT ES cells and iPS cells derived from the same somatic cells contain comparable numbers of de novo copy number variations, but whereas DNA methylation and transcriptome profiles of NT ES cells and IVF ES cells are similar, iPS cells have residual patterns typical of parental somatic cells.

Kilonovae observations can be used to out constraints on the Hubble constant (H0). Here, the authors show H0 measurements by combining light curves of four short gamma-ray burts with GW170817 are about a factor of 2-3 more precise than the standard-siren measurements using only gravitational-waves.

An explicit theoretical construction of a metallic non-Fermi liquid ground state opens a route to attack long-standing problems such as the ‘strange metal’ phase of high-temperature superconductors.

Using doped BaFe₂As₂, the authors test whether nematicity is linked to superconductivity in the iron pnictides by applying the conjugate field to nematicity—a specific form of strain—and observe that the critical temperature decreases.

Liang et al. present an industrial perspective on the evolving landscape of laser technology used in advanced LiDAR systems. The authors discuss recent trends, practical considerations within the industry, current challenges, and potential solutions, explicitly focusing on VCSEL/AR-VCSEL-based technologies and their strong potential for commercial LiDAR applications.

This analysis provides 108 noncoding CRISPR screens collated by the ENCODE4 consortium and establishes experimental guidelines for future CRISPRi screens characterizing functional cis-regulatory elements.

Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to extended spectrum cephalosporins is an increasing concern. Here, the authors conduct whole genome sequencing of isolates from the United States and find that most resistant isolates were associated with a persistent circulating lineage.