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Here, as part of the Sherlock-Lung study, the authors profile the microbiomes of 940 lung cancers in never smokers finding no significant associations with demographic and clinical features, suggesting lung bacteria are unlikely to have a sizable role in lung cancer.

Human host-associated cellular products may act as induction agents for bacteriophages.

In this Tools of the Trade article, Samuel Gould explains how prime editing sensors can improve experimental efficiency and can be designed using a computational tool he created and named PEGG.

A dictionary of human-to-mouse variants aids the design of mouse models of disease.

A previously uncharacterized microbial enzyme is responsible for the production of molecular hydrogen in the gut, which drives the growth of other bacteria and has implications for human health.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

The development of microelectronics requires precursors that can deposit conductive features, however Al is normally deposited using pyrophoric AlH₃ etherates/aminates. Here, the authors use ligands to impart stability and report an aluminium complex that can undergo conversion to Al(0) at 100 °C.

Analysis of genomic data from 25 distantly related plant species shows signatures of selection on the same gene families and functions that repeatedly contributed to local adaptation to climate.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an anti-inflammatory drug proposed as a treatment for COVID19. Here the results are reported from a randomised trial testing DMF treatment in 713 patients hospitalised with COVID-19. DMF was not associated with any improvement in day 5 outcomes.

A simple modification to the optical configuration used for fluorescence photoactivation localization microscopy (FPALM) allows the fluorescence anisotropies of each individual molecule in a nanoscale image to be measured. The method was used to obtain position and orientation information for fluorescently labeled actin or hemagglutinin molecules in fixed fibroblasts.

Here, Forster et al. compare 1354 cultured commensal strains (540 species) to 45,403 pathogen strains (12 species), identifying 64,188 MGE-mediated antibiotic resistance gene transfer events between the two groups, and show that 15 broad host range MGEs are able to transfer between phyla.

Chronic infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to the emergence of viral variants that show reduced susceptibility to neutralizing antibodies in an immunosuppressed individual treated with convalescent plasma.

Whole-genome sequencing of lung cancer in never smokers identifies different copy number subtypes and shows a lack of tobacco smoking signatures, even in cases exposed to secondhand smoke.

Prime editing sensor libraries evaluate diverse genetic variants in their endogenous genomic contexts.

Prime-editing mouse models enable the study of specific cancer mutations in vivo.

A study of the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in England between September 2020 and June 2021 finds that interventions capable of containing previous variants were insufficient to stop the more transmissible Alpha and Delta variants.

Multi-isotope imaging mass spectrometry is used to investigate the ‘immortal strand hypothesis’, Drosophila lipid metabolism and human lymphopoiesis.

Sera from vaccinated individuals and some monoclonal antibodies show a modest reduction in neutralizing activity against the B.1.1.7 variant of SARS-CoV-2; but the E484K substitution leads to a considerable loss of neutralizing activity.

Over the past century, the Western Antarctic Peninsula has experienced rapid warming and a substantial loss of sea ice with important implications for plankton biodiversity and carbon cycling. Using a 5-year DNA metabarcoding dataset, this study assesses how interannual variability in sea-ice conditions impacts biodiversity and biological carbon fluxes in this region.

The ability to image thick volumes with invariant high axial and lateral resolution is a challenge for existing super-resolution fluorescence microscopy techniques. The combination of a double-plane detection scheme with fluorescence photoactivation microscopy (FPALM) allows three-dimensional sub-diffraction resolution imaging of samples as thick as whole cells.

Type I interferons regulate immune responses by signaling via heterodimeric IFNAR1-IFNAR2 complexes. Hertzog and colleagues reveal a unique IFN-β–IFNAR1 signaling complex that is IFNAR2-independent and modulates expression of a distinct set of interferon-inducible genes.

A fragment-based design approach identifies reversible inhibitors targeting human protease complement factor D (FD), which is required for amplification of complement C3 signaling. FD inhibitors act as systemic regulators of complement activation in vivo.

Using the GTEx data and others, a comprehensive analysis of adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing in mammals is presented; targets of the various ADAR enzymes are identified, as are several potential regulators of editing, such as AIMP2.

An integrated analysis of over 100 single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomics studies illustrates severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral entry gene coexpression patterns across different human tissues, and shows association of age, smoking status and sex with viral entry gene expression in respiratory cell populations.

Ordovas-Montanes and colleagues describe the composition of the nasal cellular ecosystem and signatures of disease severity in vaccinated and unvaccinated adults during infection with the ancestral, Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2.

Testing the consequences of mitochondrial endosymbiosis in a theoretical approach, genome expansion and asymmetry in genome size stem from host–symbiont cell-cycle coordination.

Rodrigues et al. show that exosomal CEMIP derived from brain metastatic cells elicits vascular remodelling and inflammation and supports subsequent metastatic colonization in the brain microenvironment.

Making large datasets findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable could accelerate technology development. Now, Jacobsson et al. present an approach to build an open-access database and analysis tool for perovskite solar cells.

Using recently developed DNA sequencing technologies, nucleic acid transcripts are characterized in unprecedented detail from the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The sequences definitively demonstrate that 90% of more of the genome is transcribed into RNA, and show a previously unseen link between transcription and splicing efficiency at different points in the cell's growth.

A community computational challenge generates algorithms to predict activity of drug combinations.