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Using structural, functional and spectroscopic investigations of a bacterial inward proton-pumping rhodopsin, Kovalev et al. reveal its molecular mechanism and show how proton wires mediate ion selectivity and direct proton transport through cell membrane.

Interaction between Cooper pairs and other collective excitations may reveal important information about the pairing mechanism. Here, the authors observe a universal jump in the phase of the driven Higgs oscillations in cuprate thin films, indicating the presence of a coupled collective mode, as well as a nonvanishing Higgs-like response at high temperatures, suggesting a potential nonzero pairing amplitude above Tc.

Cuprate superconductors are known for their intertwined interactions and coexistence of competing orders. Here, the authors observe a Fano resonance in the nonlinear THz response of La_2-xSr_xCuO₄, which may arise from a coupling between superconducting and charge-density-wave amplitude fluctuations.

Unidirectional spin-hall magnetoresistance is a change in the conductivity of ferromagnetic/heavy metal bilayers that is sensitive to the magnetisation of the ferromagnetic layer. This sensitivity makes it a potential candidate for magnetic state readout. Here, Salikhov et al demonstrate ultrafast unidirectional spin hall magnetoresistance driven by terahertz fields

Terahertz frequencies offer the potential of much higher data transfer rates, but this requires devices able to generate and manipulate terahertz waves. One approach is to utilize the spin dynamics of a magnetic system. Here, Ilyakov et al. show how a multilayer magnetic and heavy-metal heterostructure can be used to achieve terahertz second harmonic generation and optical rectification.

The mechanism and scaling of high harmonic generation in solids is a highly compelling ongoing area of research. Here the authors show a non-perturbative behavior of HHG in terahertz regime from 3D Dirac semimetal, Cd₃As₂, at room temperature, and reveal the underlying nonlinear kinetics.

Analyses of 475 ancient horse genomes show modern horses emerged around 2200 bce, coinciding with sudden expansion across Eurasia, refuting the narrative of large horse herds accompanying earlier migrations of steppe peoples across Europe.

Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are primary tools for precise optical control over living cells. Structures of a viral ChR, OLPVR1, in closed (1.1 Å) and open (1.3 Å) states reveal the key details of its molecular mechanism.

Magnons offer a variety of attractive features for information processing: low dissipation, controllable non-linearity, short wavelengths at typical frequencies used in information technologies. Here, Metzger et al demonstrate control of a strongly coupled two-magnon-one-phonon state in antiferromagnetic CoF2.

Engineering of the spin–orbit interactions in a magnetic multilayered structure makes it possible to coherently generate coherent spin waves using terahertz radiation, which could benefit the development of spintronic devices.

Analysis of 273 ancient horse genomes reveals that modern domestic horses originated in the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region.

S1P₅ is a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor implicated in immune and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, authors report a crystal structure of the S1P₅ receptor in complex with a selective inverse agonist, revealing an allosteric subpocket and shedding light on inverse agonism in S1P receptors.

Polycrystalline thin films of elemental bismuth exhibit a room-temperature nonlinear transverse voltage due to geometric effects of surface electrons that is tunable and can be extended to efficient high-harmonic generation at terahertz frequencies.

Numerous correlated materials exhibit an in-plane anisotropic ground state but their origin is unclear. Here the authors control the orientation of orbital domains in a manganite using the polarization of terahertz pulses, which can be explained by field-induced enhancement of the electron interactions.

Inertial dynamics are observed in a ferromagnet. Specifically, a nutation is seen on top of the usual spin precession that has a lifetime on the order of 10 picoseconds.

Efficient terahertz harmonic generation—challenging but important for ultrahigh-speed optoelectronic technologies—is demonstrated in graphene through a nonlinear process that could potentially be generalized to other materials.

Proteorhodopsins act as light-driven outward proton pumps mainly at neutral and alkaline pH, however, mirror proteorhodopsins are known to operate only at acidic pH. Here, the authors report the detailed structural and functional characterization of pH mirror proteorhodopsin SpaR as well as its diverse biological roles.

Technologies operating in the terahertz (THz) range are essential for advancing high-speed communication, sensing and imaging. Here, the authors demonstrate that a HgTe-based heterostructure with electronic band inversion can efficiently mix and up-convert weak signals into THz frequencies at room temperature, using strong nonlinear effects.

204 Macrocystis pyrifera genotypes were screened and a panel of heat-stress tolerant (HST) gametophytes were identified. A subsequent analysis revealed a correlation between the HST strains and increased sporophyte biomass under warmer ocean conditions.

The authors present a computational framework for false-discovery-rate-controlled metabolite annotation from high-resolution imaging mass spectrometry data.

Topological insulator metamaterials bring nonlinear terahertz photonic technology a step closer by producing a third-harmonic output power close to a milliwatt.

3D molecular cartography is used for mapping of metabolites in our environment. This protocol describes the procedures for sample collection and processing, mass spectrometry analysis, and data processing and visualization.