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Production of leishmanin skin test antigen from Leishmania donovani for future reintroduction in the field

As leishmaniasis control programs and new vaccines are advancing, it is necessary to re-introduce the leishmanin skin test to monitor transmission and immunity. This study describes the generation and validation of a new leishmanin skin test antigen for future re-introduction into endemic countries.

Ranadhir Dey
Jalal Alshaweesh
Greg Matlashewski
ResearchOpen Access02 Nov 2023
Nature Communications

Volume: 14, P: 1-11
Circulating Biomarkers of Immune Activation, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Characterize Severe Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

Manuela S. Solcà
Bruno B. Andrade
Claudia Ida Brodskyn
ResearchOpen Access06 Sept 2016
Scientific Reports

Volume: 6, P: 1-7
Leishmania genetic exchange is mediated by IgM natural antibodies

Genetic exchange of Leishmania parasites in the sand fly host is mediated by natural IgM antibodies, providing insights that will help generate reproducible and increased recovery of backcrosses for research purposes.

Tiago D. Serafim
Eva Iniguez
Jesus G. Valenzuela
Research25 Oct 2023
Nature

Volume: 623, P: 149-156
Malnutrition exacerbates pathogenesis of Lutzomyia longipalpis sand fly-transmitted Leishmania donovani

Vector-transmission of Leishmania donovani in malnourished mice produces distinct clinical symptoms in chronic visceral leishmaniasis, enhances parasite burden and dissemination, and disrupts gut microbiota.

Eva Iniguez
Johannes Doehl
Shaden Kamhawi
ResearchOpen Access13 May 2025
Communications Biology

Volume: 8, P: 1-11
A sand fly salivary protein acts as a neutrophil chemoattractant

Immune mimicry has been shown in chemokine like moieties from bacteria and viruses. Here, the authors characterise a sand fly salivary protein that induces neutrophil chemotaxis and explore its impact in a model of parasitic infection.

Anderson B. Guimaraes-Costa
John P. Shannon
Fabiano Oliveira
ResearchOpen Access28 May 2021
Nature Communications

Volume: 12, P: 1-11
A second generation leishmanization vaccine with a markerless attenuated Leishmania major strain using CRISPR gene editing

Here, the authors engineer an attenuated knock-out Leishmania (LmCen^−/−) vaccine that is safe in immunocompromised mice and induces an immune response and protection similar to leishmanization with wild-type Leishmania. Since LmCen^−/− is antibiotic resistant marker free, it is a candidate for clinical development.

Wen-Wei Zhang
Subir Karmakar
Hira L. Nakhasi
ResearchOpen Access10 Jul 2020
Nature Communications

Volume: 11, P: 1-14
Sequential blood meals promote Leishmania replication and reverse metacyclogenesis augmenting vector infectivity

Sand flies acquire Leishmania during blood meals. Subsequent blood meals, even from uninfected hosts, trigger dedifferentiation of non-replicating metacyclic promastigotes to a replicative form, termed the retroleptomonad promastigote, which amplifies parasite numbers in the flies.

Tiago D. Serafim
Iliano V. Coutinho-Abreu
Jesus G. Valenzuela
Research19 Mar 2018
Nature Microbiology

Volume: 3, P: 548-555
Preclinical validation of a live attenuated dermotropic Leishmania vaccine against vector transmitted fatal visceral leishmaniasis

Karmakar et al produced a dermotropic, live attenuated centrin gene-deleted Leishmania major (LmCen^−/−) vaccine against Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). They demonstrated in hamsters that a single intradermal injection confers robust and durable protection against lethal VL that is transmitted naturally via bites of L. donovani-infected sand flies.

Subir Karmakar
Nevien Ismail
Hira L. Nakhasi
ResearchOpen Access30 Jul 2021
Communications Biology

Volume: 4, P: 1-14
Salivary antigens rPagSP02 and rPagSP06 are a reliable composite biomarker for evaluating exposure to Phlebotomus argentipes in Sri Lanka

Sachee Bhanu Piyasiri
Sanath Senanayake
Nadira Darshani Karunaweera
ResearchOpen Access28 Oct 2024
Scientific Reports

Volume: 14, P: 1-10
Centrin-deficient Leishmania mexicana confers protection against Old World visceral leishmaniasis

Subir Karmakar
Greta Volpedo
Hira L. Nakhasi
ResearchOpen Access03 Dec 2022
npj Vaccines

Volume: 7, P: 1-9
Immunity to vector saliva is compromised by short sand fly seasons in endemic regions with temperate climates

Fabiano Oliveira
Ekaterina Giorgobiani
Shaden Kamhawi
ResearchOpen Access14 May 2020
Scientific Reports

Volume: 10, P: 1-12
A defined subunit vaccine that protects against vector-borne visceral leishmaniasis

Malcolm S. Duthie
Lais Pereira
Steven G. Reed
ResearchOpen Access21 Aug 2017
npj Vaccines

Volume: 2, P: 1-9
SALO, a novel classical pathway complement inhibitor from saliva of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis

Viviana P. Ferreira
Vladimir Fazito Vale
Jesus G. Valenzuela
ResearchOpen Access13 Jan 2016
Scientific Reports

Volume: 6, P: 1-13

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Production of leishmanin skin test antigen from Leishmania donovani for future reintroduction in the field

Circulating Biomarkers of Immune Activation, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Characterize Severe Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

Leishmania genetic exchange is mediated by IgM natural antibodies

Malnutrition exacerbates pathogenesis of Lutzomyia longipalpis sand fly-transmitted Leishmania donovani

A sand fly salivary protein acts as a neutrophil chemoattractant

A second generation leishmanization vaccine with a markerless attenuated Leishmania major strain using CRISPR gene editing

Sequential blood meals promote Leishmania replication and reverse metacyclogenesis augmenting vector infectivity

Preclinical validation of a live attenuated dermotropic Leishmania vaccine against vector transmitted fatal visceral leishmaniasis

Salivary antigens rPagSP02 and rPagSP06 are a reliable composite biomarker for evaluating exposure to Phlebotomus argentipes in Sri Lanka

Centrin-deficient Leishmania mexicana confers protection against Old World visceral leishmaniasis

Immunity to vector saliva is compromised by short sand fly seasons in endemic regions with temperate climates

A defined subunit vaccine that protects against vector-borne visceral leishmaniasis

SALO, a novel classical pathway complement inhibitor from saliva of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis

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