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How the brain supports speaking and listening during conversation of its natural form remains poorly understood. Here, by combining intracranial EEG recordings with Natural Language Processing, the authors show broadly distributed frontotemporal neural signals that encode context-dependent linguistic information during both speaking and listening..

This study uses a qualitative mixed-methods approach to study how delivery cyclists navigate Sydney and Melbourne, Australia. It identified positive experiences and that these riders face the same concerns as all cyclists with the added challenges of weather and consumer demand.

Because many primary commodities cause deforestation and deforestation can increase malaria transmission, international trade can thus indirectly influence malaria risk. Here the authors use trade databases for commodites associated with deforestation to demonstrate that consumption of such commodities in developed nations could increase malaria risk in developing nations.

Cover crops can improve agricultural sustainability. In this meta-analysis, the authors find that a biculture of legume and non-legume cover crops is optimal and may promote multiple agroecosystem services while mitigating climate-related yield losses by 2100.

This Analysis estimates the health benefits and economic value of enhancing social determinants of mental health in Brisbane South, Australia, home to 1.2 million people. Crosland et al. analyze the impact of a 5% improvement in social cohesion, childhood difficulties, substance misuse, unemployment, underemployment, homelessness and staying engaged with education over 11 years.

Modeled results show that rooftop solar reduced energy burden for most adopters in 2021 from a median of 3.3% to 2.6% with the average adopter seeing a 0.6 point ($691 annual) reduction in burden, accounting for costs, incentives, and savings.

Energy insecurity is a major concern in the USA, but rooftop solar may be an effective tool for reducing this insecurity of vulnerable households. New research finds that rooftop solar leads to a large reduction in energy insecurity, particularly among low- to moderate-income households in the country.

The combination of a strong science base, and encouraging and supportive private and public sectors, has recently warmed Australia's biotech sector back to life.

Observations of a fast X-ray transient reveal that it is a gamma-ray-burst explosion from a very distant galaxy that emits light with the wavelength necessary to drive cosmic reionization, the last major phase change in the history of the Universe.

The death of massive stars has traditionally been discovered by explosive events in the gamma-ray band. Liu et al. show that the sensitive wide-field monitor on board Einstein Probe can reveal a weak soft-X-ray signal much earlier than gamma rays.

The second Global Amphibian Assessment finds that the status of amphibians is continuing to deteriorate globally, driven predominantly by climate change, disease and habitat loss.

Responses of agriculture and fisheries to climate change are interlinked, yet rarely studied together. Here, the authors analyse more than 3000 households from 5 tropical countries and forecast mid-century climate change impacts, finding that communities with higher fishery dependence and lower socioeconomic status communities face greater losses.

Current intracortical brain-computer interfaces are subject to recording interface instabilities that degrade decoding performance. Here, the authors present a platform for Nonlinear Manifold Alignment with Dynamics (NoMAD), which stabilizes decoding using models of dynamics for at least 3 months.

How seizure propagation occurs across cortical layers in humans is not fully understood. Here the authors use intracerebral laminar electrodes (capable of recording the six layers of the cortex) during pre-surgical evaluations, and identify a signature of the area responsible for seizures characterized by pathological activities in the granular and infragranular layers.

Estimates from the Global Dietary Database indicated that 2.2 million new type 2 diabetes and 1.2 million new cardiovascular disease cases were attributable to sugar-sweetened beverages worldwide in 2020, with the highest burdens in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean.

DREDge is a software tool for motion correction of high-density electrophysiology recordings. It can handle action potential or local field potential data and is demonstrated on a variety of acute or chronic recordings from humans, nonhuman primates and mice.

According to 2020 estimates from 185 countries, Asia and Africa have the most maternal orphans due to cancer, with breast and cervical cancers responsible for almost half of maternal cancers.

Recent estimates of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake are generally unavailable. Here the authors show a global SSBs intake of 2.7 servings/week in 2018 in adults (range: 0.7 South Asia, 7.8 Latin America/Caribbean); intakes were higher among males, younger, more educated, and urban adults.

Neuropixels recordings from the language-dominant prefrontal cortex reveal a structured organization of planned words, an encoding cascade of phonetic representations by prefrontal neurons in humans and a cellular process that could support the production of speech.

Opting for open access means considering costs, journal prestige and career implications.

This study supports neurofilament light chain protein (NfL) in both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood as an early marker of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease but suggests that NfL in CSF may be better suited than blood for monitoring clinical trial outcomes in symptomatic patients.

Software that uncovers suspicious papers will do little for a community that does not confront organized research fraud, says Jennifer Byrne.

Sleep spindles during non-rapid eye movement are important for memory consolidation and require specific neuronal firing conditions in non-human mammals. Here, the authors show these conditions are present in humans, potentially facilitating spike-timing-dependent plasticity.

Closed-loop electrical stimulation of the internal capsule of participants undergoing intracranial epilepsy monitoring improved the participants’ performance on a cognitive conflict task, and performance could be decoded from electrode activity.

Electrodes available for deep brain recording and stimulation have a number of limitations. Here the authors describe a thin-film depth electrode that may offer improved spatial and temporal resolution for recording brain activity.

A diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 experts in COVID-19 response from 112 countries provides health and social policy actions to address inadequacies in the pandemic response and help to bring this public health threat to an end.

Neural mechanisms underpinning theta burst stimulation (TBS) and its implications for neuropsychiatric disorders are not fully understood. Here authors show theta burst stimulation delivered by intracranial electrodes results in measurable responses that change over time, suggestive of neuroplasticity. These responses can be predicted by baseline biophysical parameters such as functional connectivity.

The neural mechanisms underpinning ketamine’s dissociative and antidepressant effects remain poorly understood. Here, the authors analyzed ketamine-induced brain dynamics with intracranial recordings in humans and found that ketamine engages different brain areas in distinct frequency-dependent patterns that may relate to its dissociative and antidepressant effects.

In Nature of 16 August (Vol. 346, 602; 1990), H. T. Clifford, R. W. Rogers and M. E. Dettmann argued that taxonomists might usefully dispense with the existing massive herbarium collections. We have received many letters criticizing this view. Here we publish those received first; the remainder make many of the points below.

A rare case of asymptomatic dominantly inherited Alzheimer’s reveals confined tau pathology and unique proteomic features, highlighting potential resilience mechanisms decades beyond expected onset.

Proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from individuals with autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease reveals how this complex and chronic disease evolves over many decades.