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Vassy, Dornisch and colleagues developed a genomics-based prostate cancer risk model to support a randomized clinical trial of precision screening in a national healthcare system.

Biglari et al. reveal subgroups of arcuate nucleus hypothalamic neurons that exhibit distinct molecular signatures and feeding-regulatory functions, thus uncovering new regulatory principles in body weight control.

X-ray study of compressed water shows that superionic ice adopts mixed close-packed structures rather than a single phase - a far more complex behaviour than expected, mirroring solid ice’s rich phases and informing planetary interior models.

The functional organization of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) for guiding eye movements has remained unknown. Here, the authors use functional ultrasound neuroimaging to reveal small, tuned clusters in PPC that reliably encode where we look over months to years.

This Review provides an overview of the main applications of single-port robotic surgery in urology, presenting emerging outcomes and discussing the transformative potential of this approach.

It is well known that the pH of tumor tissue is lower than that of the corresponding normal adjacent tissue. Here, the authors report a clinical trial of a pH activatable nanoparticle for imaging tumours.

Although the first dissection of the human ovary dates back to the 17th century, its characterization is still limited. Here, the authors have unraveled a unique biophysical and topological phenotype of reproductive-age tissue, bridging biophysics and female fertility and providing a blueprint for the artificial ovary.

The dynamics and molecular mechanisms of T cell therapies are probed in cancer organoids.

A precise structure measurement of liquid carbon at pressures of around 1 million atmospheres obtained by in situ X-ray diffraction at an X-ray free-electron laser shows a complex fluid with transient bonding and approximately four nearest neighbours on average.

Surgical ergonomics in urology has been understudied and underemphasized. This Review characterizes the burden of musculoskeletal injury in urologists and focuses on various ergonomic considerations relevant to the urology surgeon.

Characterizing the acoustic dynamics of glasses at mesoscopic wavelengths is challenging. Here, Ferrante et al. use the broadband picosecond acoustics technique to study attenuation at such length scales, where they find temperature-dependent, fractal frequency behaviour.

To guide the safe implementation of the next generation of surgical robots, the IDEAL Robotics Colloquium provides recommendations for their evaluation throughout the product life cycle—considering multiple perspectives within and beyond the surgical team.

Inelastic X-ray scattering studies of YBa₂Cu₃O_6.6 reveal strong electron-phonon coupling and an inhomogeneous state made up of charge-density-wave nanodomains, which may explain some anomalous properties of the pseudogap state.

A first-in-man study of robotic-assisted intraocular surgery shows the feasibility and safety of the robotic device for the peeling of retinal membranes and for the injection of a therapeutic under the retina.

Cooperative interactions among tumor cells may have important implications for metastasis. Here, the authors examined the spatio-temporal nature of interactions among clonal populations of ovarian carcinoma cells and found that transient interactions cells can promote metastases via commensal interactions.

Photoionization time delays provide insights on the interaction of photon with the electrons. Here the authors explore the role of the molecular potential to the attosecond time delays in the photoionization of CF4 molecule.

Soft friction remains elusive due to the complication at microscales where the elastic forces are comparable to capillarity and adhesion. Glover et al. show that a moving microparticle can induce a cease at the leading front of the underlying soft surface as a result of a build-up of compressive stress.

Between around 5,000 to 2,000 years ago, a drying climate in the vast peatlands of the Congo Basin triggered peat decomposition and carbon release to the atmosphere, implying that this region may be vulnerable to future climate change.

Plasma turbulence is the main driver to deteriorate the performance of fusion power plants. This work presents an unprecedented comparison of plasma turbulence between experiment and simulation, proving that the gyrokinetic model GENE reached a high level of maturity to predict core turbulence.

A deep learning algorithm using electronic health records from two large cohorts of patients predicts the risk of pancreatic cancer from pre-cancer disease trajectories up to 3 years in advance, showing promising performance in retrospective validation.

Combining discrete molecular junctions to make integrated circuits is a major goal in molecular electronics, but problems with reliability, stability and yield have hindered progress. Researchers have now overcome some of these challenges to simultaneously fabricate 20,000 molecular junctions on a single wafer and connect 200 of them in series.

Edge-localized plasma modes in a tokamak can damage its innermost wall. Simulations now show that fast ions can modify the spatio-temporal structure of these modes. These effects need to be considered in the optimization of control techniques.

The suppression of edge-localized modes in tokamak plasmas is crucial to prevent them from damaging the walls of the chamber. Now experiments confirm the role that magnetic islands play in suppressing these detrimental modes.

The interaction of magnetic fields embedded in plasmas is central to many astrophysical phenomena. Here, authors show that plasma flow disruption caused by enhanced magnetic field is unexpectedly small compared to magnetic field compression by shocks, which significantly limits the growth of field strength.

Warm dense silica is a key component in rocky planets’ mantles, but reproducing the relevant conditions in experiments is challenging. Here the authors use a double-shock technique to achieve such conditions and measure the reflectivity in situ, providing insight into the conductivity and its possible impact on dynamo processes in super-Earths’ mantles.

Biochemical analyses show that in the Escherichia coli type I pilus the plug domain controls activation of usher by masking the substrate-binding site in the C-terminal domains when usher is in resting state.

Birdsong has long connected humans to nature. Historical reconstructions using bird monitoring and song recordings collected by citizen scientists reveal that the soundscape of birdsong in North America and Europe is both quieter and less varied, mirroring declines in bird diversity and abundance.

Laser-driven shock compression experiments yield the melting curve of the superionic phase of ammonia at conditions relevant to the interiors of Uranus and Neptune.

Attosecond streaking is used to study the dynamics of electron scattering in dielectric nanoparticles in real time. Revealing the mechanisms involved is the first step towards understanding electron scattering in more complex dielectrics.

The field of urology has undergone massive changes in the 10 years sinceNature Reviews Urology launched as Nature Clinical Practice Urology. In this Viewpoint, members of the Nature Reviews Urologyadvisory board describe what they think has been the biggest change or issue in urology over the past decade, and give their predictions for the direction of the field over the next 10 years.

Ultrahigh-resolution resonant inelastic X-ray scattering shows how dispersive charge density wave excitations influence the charge and lattice degrees of freedom in a high-T_c cuprate, pointing to a connection to the mysterious pseudogap state.

Mass outflow is a common process in astrophysical objects. Here the authors investigate in which conditions an astrophysically-scaled laser-produced plasma flow can be collimated and evolves in the presence of a misaligned external magnetic field.

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) accesses the vibrational properties of a material via nonlinear four-wave mixing (FWM); CARS in graphene has not been observed to date despite its high nonlinear third-order susceptibility. Here, the authors devised a FWM scheme to perform stimulated Raman spectroscopy in single and multi-layer graphene through CARS.

Turbulence effects explored use macroscale systems in general. Here the authors generate a turbulent plasma using laser irradiation of a solid target and study the dynamics of the plasma flow at the micron-scale by using scattering of an XFEL beam.

For large objects sliding over one another, the friction force is proportional to the true contact area between the two bodies — this is smaller than the apparent contact area as the surfaces are rough, consisting of a large number of smaller features (asperities) that actually make contact. Here a related idea holds for contacts at the nanoscale: the friction force depends linearly on the number of atoms (rather than asperities) chemically interacting across the sliding interfaces.