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Diverse genomes of lytic phages are found in bacterial assemblies, challenging assumptions about the nature of the lytic lifestyle.

CRISPR activators are powerful tools for controlling gene expression, but they suffer from inconsistent efficacy and high toxicity. Here, authors develop a high-throughput method to test thousands of CRISPR activators, revealing distinct principles of activator biology and delivering improved tools.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

The ALICE Collaboration provides details on the microscopic mechanism that ends up creating antideuteron in high-energy proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

A global research network monitoring the Amazon for 30 years reports in this study that tree size increased by 3% each decade.

Glucocorticoid (GC) induced osteoporosis (GIOP) remains a significant clinical problem. Here, the authors find that GCs disrupt skeletal stem cell–endothelial crosstalk via Basigin that can be targeted as a potential therapy for GIOP.

Garlock and colleagues analyze 57 aquaculture systems worldwide on 88 metrics that measure social, economic, or environmental outcomes. They find significant variation in the degree of sustainability in different aquaculture systems, and weak performance of some production systems in some dimensions provides opportunity for innovative policy measures and investment to further align sustainability objectives.

Broad-spectrum antibiotics can kill harmless bacteria in our intestine, thus facilitating invasion by antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). Here, Yip et al. show that killing gut bacteria with antibiotics leads to enrichment of nutrients and depletion of inhibitory microbial metabolites, which overall potentiates CRE growth.

Few explosives are better-known to non-chemists than trinitrotoluene (TNT). Thomas M. Klapötke reflects on the enduring appeal of TNT and whether its starring role as an explosive is nearing its end.

The European X-ray free-electron laser (EuXFEL) in Hamburg is the first XFEL with a megahertz repetition rate. Here the authors present the 2.9 Å structure of the large membrane protein complex Photosystem I from T. elongatus that was determined at the EuXFEL.

The authors report on a temperate Earth-sized planet orbiting the cool M6 dwarf LP 791-18 with a radius of 1.03 ± 0.04 R_⊕ and an equilibrium temperature of 300–400 K, with the permanent night side plausibly allowing for water condensation.

The authors analyse tree responses to an extreme heat and drought event across South America to understand long-term climate resistance. While no more sensitive to this than previous lesser events, forests in drier climates showed the greatest impacts and thus vulnerability to climate extremes.

Tree mortality has been shown to be the dominant control on carbon storage in Amazon forests, but little is known of how and why Amazon forest trees die. Here the authors analyse a large Amazon-wide dataset, finding that fast-growing species face greater mortality risk, but that slower-growing individuals within a species are more likely to die, regardless of size.

Studies using mouse models of lung adenocarcinoma identify an association between age, iron homeostasis and tumour initiation potential that involves NUPR1 and lipocalin-2.

Co-delivery of TLR7/8 agonists and TGF-β inhibitors (TGFβi) has the potential to overcome immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Here the authors describe the application of the CarboCell technology for the sustained intratumoral release of a TLR7/8 agonist alone or in combination with a TGFβi, promoting anti-tumor immune responses in preclinical cancer models.

Around 1% of the A subgenome of modern bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) originates from einkorn (Triticum monococcum), the first domesticated wheat species.

By analysing the state of representation of traditional varieties of 25 major crops in ex situ repositories, this study demonstrates conservation progress made over more than a half-century and identifies the gaps remaining to be filled.

Analyses of genomes from 914 children, adolescents, and young adults provide a comprehensive resource of genomic alterations across a spectrum of common childhood cancers.

Exploring the diversity of the wild progenitor of the wheat D subgenome allows for rapid trait discovery.

Small molecule drugs promise to remain a valuable tool in controlling the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Here the authors describe optimized drug-like small molecule inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease for potential treatment of COVID-19.

Genomic analysis of 491 medulloblastoma samples, including methylation profiling of 1,256 cases, effectively assigns candidate drivers to most tumours across all molecular subgroups.

Temporal multi-omic analysis of tissues from rats undergoing up to eight weeks of endurance exercise training reveals widespread shared, tissue-specific and sex-specific changes, including immune, metabolic, stress response and mitochondrial pathways.

The GREGoR consortium provides foundational resources and substrates for the future of rare disease genomics.

Validation of the safety and performance of a wearable ultrasound sensor for the monitoring of blood pressure in clinical settings showed that the sensor met established safety and accuracy requirements.

Microbial fuel cells generate electricity from a variety of sources, however from methane only negligible electrical power has been reported so far. Here the authors convert methane into electricity using a synthetic consortium consisting of an engineered archaeal strain, microorganisms from methane-acclimated sludge, andGeobacter sulfurreducens.

It is known that exercise influences many human traits, but not which tissues and genes are most important. This study connects transcriptome data collected across 15 tissues during exercise training in rats as part of the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium with human data to identify traits with similar tissue specific gene expression signatures to exercise.

An online approach for the DNA methylation-based classification of central nervous system tumours across all entities and age groups has been developed to help to improve current diagnostic standards.

Measurements of the inelastic cross section of anti-³He allow the estimation of the transparency of the Milky Way to the propagation of these light antinuclei produced in either cosmic-ray collisions or annihilation of dark-matter particles.

The direct measurement of the QCD dead cone in charm quark fragmentation is reported, using iterative declustering of jets tagged with a fully reconstructed charmed hadron.

Quantum electrodynamics predicts a rare process in which light is scattered by light. The ATLAS Collaboration reports signs of this elusive effect in the collisions of ultra-relativistic lead ions.

Wildfires have unknown impacts on soil microbes and biogeochemistry. Using metagenomics across forest burn gradients, here the authors show severity-dependent losses in microbiome diversity and functional shifts that underpin post-fire survival.

The development of a new genetic tool to selectively deplete or modify group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) addresses the debate regarding the non-redundant functions of this immune cell type.

Genomic studies of the paediatric brain tumour medulloblastoma have revealed four clinically distinct molecular subgroups; here active gene regulatory elements in 28 primary medulloblastoma tissues are mapped to reveal differentially regulated enhancers across the different subgroups, allowing insights into the transcription factors that characterize subgroup divergence and the cellular origin of the poorly characterized Group 3 and 4 subgroups.

Pulmonary fibrosis induced by repetitive chemical injury in mice involves cross talk among macrophages, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Macrophages induce expression of the Notch ligand Jag1 in pulmonary capillary endothelial cells, leading to Notch pathway activation in perivascular fibroblasts and fibrosis.