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Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

How inflammation spreads from the skin to the joints in psoriatic disease is unclear. Here, the authors show that joint-resident fibroblasts can control differentiation of infiltrating skin-derived myeloid precursors that can become inflammatory macrophages.

The Evaluation and Enhancement (EVEN) method optimizes automatically the quality of multichannel microscopy images affected by uneven illumination, enabling accurate visual interpretation and image analysis in challenging imaging scenarios.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

In the phase 1/2 CASTLE basket trial, autologous CD19 CAR-T cell therapy in patients with treatment-refractory systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis or idiopathic inflammatory myopathy was safe, with improved disease activity and patient-reported global health in most patients.

Feng et al. report a dynamic template-assisted strategy for depositing perovskite nanowire arrays across areas 12 times larger than the template itself, on diverse substrates. Large-area pixelated photodetectors with a responsivity of 1660A W⁻¹, detectivity of 3.9E14 Jones, and linear dynamic range of 160.3 dB are achieved.

Zhou, Jay et al. report that in mantle cell lymphoma and T cell leukaemia, lineage-determining transcription factors share a mechanism to regulate how multiple enhancers control oncogene expression through topological conformation and interaction.

Attosecond control of electrons in nanostructures requires resolving dynamics in the optical near field. Now, an experiment finds low-energy spectral stripes that track subcycle electron emission and allow the isolation of attosecond electron bursts.

This research quantifies hospital admissions in Shanghai for mental and behavioral disorders linked to humid heat, projecting a 68.2% increase by the 2090s under high greenhouse gas emissions and emphasizing the importance of mitigation strategies to reduce future morbidity burdens.

Aberrant redox homeostasis links lipid metabolism and cell death programs. Here, authors reveal how cell stress reduces growth factor signaling, enriching polyunsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids and sensitizing membranes to oxidative damage.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Energy storage and biomass utilization are two major challenges for sustainability. Here the authors use a major lignin hydrogenolysis product for the synthesis of an N-heterocycle and develop a bimetallic catalyst for repeated hydrogenation/dehydrogenation of this and other molecules for hydrogen storage.

X-ray optics are notoriously challenging to fabricate due to the strict tolerances that result from the short wavelength of radiation. Here, Seibothet al. carefully quantify aberrations in complex X-ray lenses and correct them with an easy-to-fabricate broadband phase plate.

The authors investigate spin-valley polarization in hybrid systems of Au nanoparticles and monolayer MoS₂ and observe a nearly complete quenching of the far-field circular polarization state of emission from MoS₂ at the position of the nanoparticle. This highlights the need to consider an ensemble, rather than just a single rotating dipole emitter, for precise predictions of polarization responses in these hybrid systems.

Heterocycles are ubiquitous in bioactive compounds and routes to different substitution patterns are important to access the full substrate space. Here the authors report a route to 4,5,7,8-substituted antiviral fluorescent quinazolines, to allow cellular uptake visualization without external marker.

Combining behavioral data, electrophysiology and modeling, the authors show that the human brain synchronizes visual signals by adjusting axonal conduction speed in the retina, revealing a previously unknown mechanism for precise perceptual timing.

In a case series of six patients with multidrug-resistant rheumatoid arthritis, the CD19xCD3-targeting bispecific T cell engager blinatumomab reduced disease activity and led to reductions in autoantibodies.

Artificial intelligence (AI) system is known to improve dermatologists’ diagnostic accuracy for melanoma. This group applies the eye-tracking technology on dermatologists when diagnosing dermoscopic images of melanomas and reports improved balanced diagnostic accuracy when using an X(explainable) AI system comparing to the standard one.

Here the authors use positron emission tomography to visualize fibroblasts in patients with arthritis and combined with spatial transcriptomic data show that these cells undergo a phenotypic shift upon resolution of inflammation. A CD200⁺DKK3⁺ fibroblast subset promotes this resolution by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-17A.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

Some brain lesions recover in multiple sclerosis, while others do not; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that microglia-derived TGFα orchestrates immune control and tissue repair, and that intranasal delivery of TGFα in the autoimmune encephalomyelitis model promotes lesion resolution.

Infection studies on highly pathogenic avian influenza virus clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 on calves and lactating cows indicate that transmission occurs primarily via milk and milking procedures rather than respiratory routes.

Linnerbauer and colleagues find that HB-EGF produced by reactive astrocytes is protective during autoimmune neuroinflammation, but epigenetically suppressed during late stages.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have different subtypes and play diverse roles in the tumour microenvironment. Here, the authors use single-cell RNA-seq and multiplex imaging mass cytometry data to propose a CAF classification scheme of nine subtypes across different cancer types.

A live-attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on one-to-stop codon modifications can elicit broad, systemic and mucosal immunity, as well as reduced transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in vivo.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

In this Resource, the authors present FedProt, a tool that enables privacy-preserving, federated differential protein abundance analysis across multiple institutions. Its results match the results of centralized analysis, enabling secure, collaborative proteomics without sensitive data sharing.

A spatial taxonomic framework integrating genomic, morphological, ecological, life history and acoustic data is used to clarify the cryptic evolution of the taxonomically controversial mouse lemur complex, with a view to aiding future conservation of this and other similarly cryptic clades.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

Liebers and colleagues present a prospective non-interventional trial in 80 individuals with hematologic cancer investigating the potential of ex vivo drug response profiling and show it to be clinically feasible.

Nanobodies are normally made from immunized camelids, Ig transgenic mice or synthetic libraries. In this study, the authors introduce the llama Ig heavy chain locus into mice lacking this locus, thereby generating a line in which nanobodies can be made by direct immunization in the absence of an endogenous antibody repertoire.

While catalytic reduction of quinolines has gained interest as a way to provide direct and efficient access to tetrahydroquinolines or 1,2-dihydroquinolines, the catalytic synthesis of 1,2-dihydroquinolines remains underdeveloped. Here, the authors demonstrate a catalytic 1,2-reduction of quinolines using a dinuclear aluminum complex.

Germany is paving the way toward genomics-based personalized healthcare and translational research.

HistoPlexer, a deep learning model, generates multiplexed protein expression maps from H&E images, capturing tumour–immune cell interactions. It outperforms baselines, enhances immune subtyping and survival prediction and offers a cost-effective tool for precision oncology.

Analysis of macrophage subsets within joints reveals a population of CX₃CR1⁺ tissue-resident macrophages that form a tight-junction-mediated barrier at the synovial lining, protecting the joint from the invasion of inflammatory cells.

Deep-brain calcium imaging of mice engaged in social or spatial exploration reveals that these state-dependent behaviours are encoded by distinct neuronal ensembles of the basolateral amygdala.

A neural epigenetic signature detectable via plasma analyses is prognostic in patients with glioblastoma, resembling an oligodendrocyte-progenitor- and neuronal-progenitor-cell-like state and showing increased neuro-to-glioma synapse formation.

Somatic variants in certain genes can cause lesional focal epilepsy. Here the authors perform the largest somatic variant detection study in epilepsy to date, finding statistical support for 8 known and 2 novel genes, DYRK1A and EGFR, which may be potential biomarkers and druggable targets.

Krabbe, Paradiso et al. show that amygdala VIP interneurons are activated by instructive cues for associative learning. These interneurons provide a mandatory disinhibitory signal permitting plasticity in response to unexpected salient events.

Transcription factor binding to DNA is vital for gene regulation. Here, the authors determine the kinetics of DNA binding for RBPJ in living cells. They find that the binding is kinetically rather than thermodynamically stable evident from the effective binding energy landscape.

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) promote T cell activation in the spleen but suppress it in the gut. Here, the authors show that this distinct regulation is mediated by gut microbiota-induced IL-23 and IFN-γ, respectively, and, along with the article by Rao et al, this work elucidates how cytokines set context specificity of ILC-T cell crosstalk by regulating ILC antigen presentation.

Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UCAR) is associated with various clinical outcomes such as kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Here, the authors report genome-wide meta-analysis in over 500,000 individuals and find 68 UACR loci, followed by statistical fine-mapping, gene prioritization and experimental validation in flies.

Ancient genome-wide data of 722 individuals and interdisciplinary analysis of large seventh- to eighth-century ce neighbouring cemeteries near Vienna are used to address the impact of the encounter between Eastern Asian Avars and Europeans.