Search

Ten years after the discovery of the Higgs boson, the ATLAS  experiment at CERN probes its kinematic properties with a significantly larger dataset from 2015–2018 and provides further insights on its interaction with other known particles.

Single quantum dot tracking is an established technique used in cultured neurons and organotypic brain slices. Here, the authors demonstrate in vivotargeting of dopamine receptors via ventricular injection of functionalized quantum dots and track single nanoparticle-receptors in acute rat brain slices.

High-conductivity solid-state electrolyte materials with minimal polarization loss are difficult to synthesize. Here the authors show single-ion block copolymers with crystalline protogenic channels having a promising potential to be used as efficient proton conductors.

Extracellular vesicles have been implicated in the transmission of pathogens from the arthropod to the human host. Here the authors show that tick-derived extracellular vesicles play a role in feeding and modulate the outcome of bacterial infection.

How Roquin controls expression of the inducible costimulator ICOS remains unclear. Heissmeyer and co-workers now show that Roquin binds to the 3' untranslated region of ICOS mRNA and interacts with proteins that confer post-transcriptional repression.

The mechanisms underlying the fracture of glasses are poorly understood. It is now shown that intrinsic density fluctuations in glass are enhanced during the deformation process, and may therefore be the origin of fracture in glasses. This understanding may lead to the design of glasses with improved mechanical properties.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports the observation of the electroweak production of two jets and a Z-boson pair. This process is related to vector-boson scattering and allows the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking to be probed.

Ruth Loos and colleagues report results of a large genome-wide association study for body mass index. They identify 18 new loci associated with this trait, some of which map near key hypothalamic regulators of energy balance.

Unmet need exists for a vaccine against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Here the authors report the establishment and evaluation, in mice and primates, of a series of MERS-CoV immunogens and show that they can serve as promising leads for vaccine development.

The ecology of Ebola virus (EBOV) is still largely unclear. Here, the authors show that Angolan freetailed bats are selectively permissive to EBOV infection, but not to other filoviruses, and demonstrate EBOV placental tissue tropism indicating potential horizontal and vertical transmission between conspecifics.

As a liquid approaches its glass transition its dynamics slow down and simultaneously the material becomes more heterogeneous. A static structural heterogeneity, now shown to be widely present in glass-forming liquids, is suggested to be the origin of this dynamic heterogeneity that links structural parameters to the glass transition.

Lateral diffusion of transmembrane signalling molecules is implicated in neuronal communication but imaging in tissue is limited by poor temporal resolution. Here, the authors use quantum dots to label lipids and adhesion molecules, allowing them to track single-molecule motions in subcellular compartments.

The plausible existence of a liquid–liquid transition (LLT) pre-empted by crystallization in supercooled water has long been debated. So far, indications of such a ‘hidden’ LLT have been found in nanoconfined water and in the amorphous polymorphism of ice. Now, the finding of an isocompositional LLT in a water–glycerol mixture where glycerol prevents water crystallization suggests a new link to an elusive LLT in pure water.

The suppression of edge-localized modes in tokamak plasmas is crucial to prevent them from damaging the walls of the chamber. Now experiments confirm the role that magnetic islands play in suppressing these detrimental modes.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports a measurement of the ratio of the decay rates of W bosons to τ leptons and muons, in agreement with universal lepton couplings as postulated in the standard model of particle physics.

We know little about the relative contributions of visual and olfactory senses for wild, frugivorous mammals. Here, the authors show that in capuchin monkeys, frequency of olfactory evaluation of fruits is higher when scent production increases with ripening, and among monkeys with red-green colorblindness.

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider reports a search for charged-lepton-flavour violation in decays of Z bosons into a τ lepton and an electron or muon of opposite charge.

The first operation of the European X-ray free-electron laser facility accelerator based on superconducting technology is reported. The maximum electron energy is 17.5 GeV. A laser average power of 6 W is achieved at a photon energy of 9.3 keV.

The tau protein is theorized to spread transneuronally in Alzheimers disease, though this theory remains unproven in humans. Our simulations of epidemic-like protein spreading across human brain networks support this theory, and suggest the spreading dynamics are modified by β-amyloid

Quantum electrodynamics predicts a rare process in which light is scattered by light. The ATLAS Collaboration reports signs of this elusive effect in the collisions of ultra-relativistic lead ions.

The measurement of the total cross-section of proton–proton collisions is of fundamental importance for particle physics. Here, the first measurement of the inelastic cross-section is presented for proton–proton collisions at an energy of 7 teraelectronvolts using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider.

Cognitive decline in Huntington’s disease (HD) may be due to impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity. In this study the authors show that AMPA receptor surface diffusion, a key player in synaptic plasticity, is deregulated in multiple HD mouse models as a result of impaired BDNF signalling that underlies the memory deficits, and can be pharmacologically rescued.

Immune checkpoint blockade has become standard care for patients with recurrent metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Here the authors present the results of a non-randomized phase Ib/IIa trial, reporting safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant nivolumab monotherapy and nivolumab plus ipilimumab prior to standard-of-care surgery in patients with HNSCC. .

Mutations in the RNA-binding protein roquin-1 are known to result in humoral autoimmunity. Heissmeyer and colleagues show that MALT1 cleavage of roquin and regnase-1 downstream of TCR signaling releases cooperatively repressed targets to promote T_H17 cell differentiation

Swarm Learning is a decentralized machine learning approach that outperforms classifiers developed at individual sites for COVID-19 and other diseases while preserving confidentiality and privacy.

A violation of Lorentz symmetry would represent a fundamental departure from the physics of the standard model. Searching for anomalous neutrino oscillations, the IceCube collaboration reports no violation, and puts stringent bounds on its existence.

The relation between physical properties and structure in amorphous materials is poorly understood. Simulations now show that vibrations of string-like dynamical defects likely govern the low-temperature dynamics in these systems.

Neutrinos are known to have mass, in contradiction to the predictions of the standard model, and one explanation of this mass is that they are Majorana fermions; this conjecture could be proved by observation of the neutrinoless double-β decay process, but new experiments with ¹³⁶Xe find no statistically significant evidence for this process.

Expression profiles of several hundred microRNAs in the blood of individuals with disease, including autoimmune disease, cancers, cardiovascular disease and chronic inflammatory disease are reported.