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This research identifies two neural factors linked to externalizing and internalizing symptoms through a longitudinal imaging-genetic cohort. Distinct neural configurations and cognitive-behavioral relevance highlight the need for tailored therapeutic strategies addressing psychiatric comorbidity across developmental stages.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

The interaction between perovskite oxides and water can have a significant influence on practical performance. Here the authors study the dynamics of surface water adsorption and hydroxide formation during monolayer formation on a ruthenate.

CLPP-deficiency-driven mitochondrial dysfunction in brown adipose tissue leads to the accumulation of d-2-hydroxyglutarate, in turn promoting lipid-droplet enlargement by altering gene expression and epigenetically regulating nuclear stiffness.

A large brain imaging study of over 2000 people worldwide shows that fear conditioning engages brain regions linked to emotion and attention, with differences in individuals with anxiety or depression and strong influences from task design.

Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining is a widely used method in histopathology, but it cannot directly inform about specific molecular markers. Here, the authors present ROSIE, a deep-learning framework that computationally imputes the expression and localisation of dozens of proteins from H&E images.

Long-read single-cell RNA sequencing is capable of detecting isoform-level gene expression and genomic alterations such as mutations and gene fusions, thereby providing cell-specific genotype-phenotype information. Here, the authors use long-read scRNA-seq on metastatic ovarian cancer samples and detect cell-type specific isoforms and gene fusions that may otherwise be misclassified in short-read data.

Surface structures can have an important effect on the traits of two-dimensional electron liquids. Here, the authors demonstrate how the surface terminations of SrTiO₃(001) affect the mechanism and properties of the two-dimensional electron liquid.

Analysis of HbA1c and FPG levels across 117 population-based studies demonstrates regional variation in prevalence of previously undiagnosed screen-detected diabetes using one or both measures and suggests that use of elevated FPG alone could underestimate diabetes prevalence in low- and middle-income countries.

Achieving both thermally activated delayed fluorescence and triplet-triplet annihilation has potential for the development of organic light-emitting diodes with high efficiency but is challenging. Here, the authors report a donor-acceptor chromophoric design to achieve both in thin films.

Satellite observations from volcanic eruptions suggest that aerosols induce substantial cooling due to the reflectivity of increased tropical marine cloud cover, implying a high climate sensitivity.

MicroRNAs regulate brain development and aging. Here, authors show that a spatio-temporal atlas of 15 mouse brain regions reveals sex- and region-specific microRNA patterns, including age-related microglial miR-155-5p increase targeting mTOR.

The levels of 1,251 metabolites are measured in 475 phenotyped individuals, and machine-learning algorithms reveal that diet and the microbiome are the determinants with the strongest predictive power for the levels of these metabolites.

Clinical and genetic evaluation of individuals with childhood-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identifies a new monogenic cause for early-onset ALS and proposes a specific metabolic mechanism leading to motor neuron disease via sphingolipid excess.

Exome sequencing within a structured diagnostic process for rare diseases in Germany shows how facial image analysis and machine learning can guide variant prioritization and uncover many ultrarare diseases.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Ultrafast breaking of the molecular symmetry is a key process in photochemistry. Here the authors show direct observation during internal conversion of a heterocyclic molecule using Coulomb explosion imaging supported by simulations.

Trapped ion mobility (TIMS)-mass spectrometry with parallel accumulation-serial fragmentation (PASEF) facilitates high-sensitivity proteomics experiments. Here, the authors expand TIMS and PASEF to small molecules and demonstrate fast and comprehensive lipidomics of low biological sample amounts.

Similarities in cancers can be studied to interrogate their etiology. Here, the authors use genome-wide association study summary statistics from six cancer types based on 296,215 cases and 301,319 controls of European ancestry, showing that solid tumours arising from different tissues share a degree of common germline genetic basis.

Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) is an important component of late endosomal and lysosomal membranes. In this study, the authors show that both intra- and extralysosomal pathways can contribute to BMP synthesis.

Inhibition of the lipid peroxidase GPX4 promotes ferroptotic cell death. Here, the authors identify a complementary approach using conjugated linolenic fatty acids that trigger lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis via ACSL1, DGAT1/2, and neutral lipids.

RNA binding protein HDLBP (or Vigilin) localizes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Here the authors show that HDLBP contributes to translation of ER-targeted mRNAs.

By employing the nanoconfinement in the mesophase formed by conventional lipids, cryo-enzymatic reactions are performed in subzero liquid water.

Mica is a naturally occurring 2D mineral that has been heavily studied in many diverse areas. Here authors present atomic force microscopy images to study the mica surface in ultra-high vacuum conditions; they unveil the distribution of its surface K⁺ ions and give insights into the distribution of subsurface Al³⁺ ions.

The poor correlation between brain Aβ deposition and clinical symptoms in Alzheimer´s disease remains puzzling. Here, the authors show a temporal dissociation of Aβ deposition and neurodegeneration.

A longitudinal multiomics analysis of a patient with multiple myeloma who developed peripheral T cell lymphoma after treatment with anti-BCMA CAR T cells and a GPRC5D-directed bispecific antibody reveals that two mutated CAR⁺CD8⁺ T cell clones were probably drivers of the neoplasm.

This study identifies a crucial role for fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in endothelial cells during angiogenesis, and reveals that fatty-acid-derived carbons are used for the de novo synthesis of nucleotides, and hence FAO stimulates vessel sprouting by increasing endothelial cell proliferation.

Pannexin 1 (PANX1) is a membrane channel mediating release of signaling molecules to the extracellular space. PANX1 can be activated by GPCRs. Here, the authors elucidate a non-canonical channel activation pathway by α1-adrenergic receptor that involves HDAC6- mediated lysine deacetylation of PANX1.

Most polygenic risk score (PRS) methods focus only on individuals with distinct primary continental ancestry, without accommodating recently-admixed individuals. Here, the authors develop a novel penalized regression-based PRS method specifically designed for admixed individuals.

As ternary perovskite-type oxides are increasingly used in fuel cells and catalysis, greater understanding of their surface chemical properties is required. Here the authors report a pronounced ordering of hydroxyls on the cleaved (001) surface of Ca₃Ru₂O₇ perovskite induced by O-octahedral rotation and tilt.

The segmentation of the Drosophila melanogaster embryo is a well-known paradigm for pattern formation in development. However, the quantitative description of the transcriptional control mechanisms underlying this process is still missing. A new approach to the problem of predicting the pattern of gene expression based on cis-regulatory sequence is described. This new algorithm modelling protein–DNA interactions is likely to prove useful for many other protein–DNA interaction systems.

Uhlmann et al. show that the preclinical phase of Alzheimer’s disease may in fact be a relatively late manifestation of a much earlier pathogenic and targetable process of seed formation and propagation.

How do drugs work? What molecular changes do they cause in cells and in organisms? Is there a paradigm shift in the way we can predict and appreciate the impact of small molecules on biological systems in the 21^st century? These were some of the questions addressed at a meeting in Vienna in August 2007.

Here the authors show that the patterning signals WNT, BMP, and FGF control chromosome segregation fidelity during early lineage specification and neurogenesis, which could provide a rationale for the spatio-temporal distribution of genomic mosaicism during human development.

A genome-wide study by the Long COVID Host Genetics Initiative identifies an association between the FOXP4 locus and long COVID, implicating altered lung function in its pathophysiology.

Deglacial forest expansion in the Northern Hemisphere poses a conundrum: Model results agree with the climate signal but are several millennia ahead of reconstructed forest dynamics. The underlying causes remain unsolved.

Cyclic AMP and cGMP orchestrate a variety of cellular responses. Here, authors characterize the cGMP producing rhodopsin-guanylyl cyclase from C. anguillulae and derived adenylyl cyclase by a biochemical and structural approach which demonstrates the usability of these cyclases for optogenetic applications.

Detailed characterization of cardiac damage following ischemia/reperfusion injury and detection of occurring inflammatory responses is important for the development of new therapeutic concepts. Here the authors present a method for the three-dimensional investigation of acute and chronic cardiac injury responses using light sheet fluorescence microscopy.

Unlike human teeth, mouse incisors grow throughout life, based on stem and progenitor cell activity. Here the authors generate single cell RNA-seq comparative maps of continuously-growing mouse incisor, non-growing mouse molar and human teeth, combined with lineage tracing to reveal dental cell complexity.

Memory B cells are important for protecting the host from pathogen rechallenge, but their properties and locations remain ill-defined. Here the authors show, using single-cell transcriptomics and repertoire analyses, that mouse spleen and bone marrow host distinct populations of isotype-switched memory B cells to potentially optimize for rapid recall responses.

Studying a prospective cohort, the authors develop and validate a predictive score for post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, also known as long-COVID. This score relies on an immunoglobulin signature and is independent of timepoint of blood sampling.

Transport of solutes across biological membranes is carried out by specialized secondary transport proteins in the lipid bilayer. These authors report structures of the sodium-independent carnitine/butyrobetaine antiporter CaiT from two microorganisms. The three-dimensional architecture of CaiT resembles that of the Na⁺-dependent transporters LeuT and BetP, but in CaiT a methionine sulphur takes the place of the Na⁺ ion to coordinate the substrate in the central transport site, enabling Na⁺-independent transport to occur.

The pore of voltage-gated ion channels opens in response to membrane depolarization sensed by a separate voltage-sensing domain. Here, Lörinczi et al. show that, contrary to assumptions, no physical linker is required to transmit changes from the voltage-sensing to the permeation domain of KCNH channels.

Neocortical resident microglia are long-lived cells. Füger et al. report that approximately half of these cells survive for the entire lifespan of a mouse. While microglial proliferation under homeostatic conditions is low, proliferation is increased in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Enabling concurrent, high throughput analysis of single nano particles would greatly increase the capacity to study size, composition and inter and intra particle population variance. Here, the authors present a comprehensive platform for single particle automated Raman trapping analysis without any target modification.