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This study reveals heightened temporal variability and reduced spatial stability of task-evoked neural representations in children with ADHD, contributing to inefficient cognitive control and greater behavioral instability.

Striatonigral neurons comprise diverse subtypes, yet their specific roles in locomotion regulation are not fully understood. Here, authors demonstrate that the Calb1+ subtype promotes locomotion, while the Kremen1+ subtype terminates ongoing movement by inhibiting the activity of Aldh1a1+ dopaminergic neurons via GABBR1 receptors.

2- arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), an abundant endocannabinoid in the brain, regulates diverse neural functions. Here, the authors identified four loss-of-function mutations in dicylglycerol lipase β (DAGLB) from six patients with early onset Parkinsonism. In mice, loss of DAGLB in dopamine neurons reduced neuronal activity and impaired locomotor function and augmentation of 2-AG levels boosted neuronal activity and rescued locomotor deficits.

Lee et al. demonstrate that dopaminergic medication-induced changes in spatiotemporal brain state dynamics during a working memory task correlate with individual differences in performance gains in participants with Parkinson’s disease.

Hu et al. discovered that the truncated form of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), called p95HER2, drives tumor progression and resistance to the antibody–drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan in HER2⁺ breast cancer. Blocking p95HER2 restores antitumor immunity.

While multiple resistance-to-Phytophthora sojae loci/alleles have been mapped in soybean, many of them have become ineffective to newly evolved isolates. Here, the authors show that a 27.7-kb nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat gene confers broad-spectrum resistance to P. sojae in soybean.

Multidentate molecular additives are widely used to passivate perovskite, yet the role of chelate effect is still unclear. Here, the authors investigate a wide range of additives with different coordination number and functional moieties to establish correlation between coordination affinity and perovskite crystallisation dynamics.

The offshore heat supplied to the Antarctic continental shelves by warm eddies has a potential impact on the melting of ice shelves. Here, how warm eddies form and intrude onto the continental shelf and play an important role in ice shelf melting is shown.

A consistent set of brain areas is engaged across diverse cognitive tasks. Here, the authors reveal a unifying latent brain state that predicts performance across seven tasks, linking a core control network to cognitive flexibility and adaptive behaviors.

A well-designed national coal phase-out pathway in China that considers diverse technology portfolios and plant-level sequential decision-making processes can save over 700 billion dollars and elevate mitigation potential.

The development of brain metastases is a lethal yet poorly understood event in the evolution of many cancers. Here, the authors perform whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing on matched normal, primary and metastatic tissue samples to explore the genomic features of brain metastases in colorectal cancer.

Aberrant expression of the human hexokinase HKDC1 has been observed in patients with cancer. Here the authors report that HKDC1 expression is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma progression and PD-L1 mediated immune evasion.

Brain activity is driven, in part, by external stimuli and demands, but internal brain states also change over time. Here, the authors use a novel Bayesian algorithm to track dynamic transitions between hidden neural states in human brain activity and to relate brain dynamics with behavior.

There are various indigenous cattle breeds in East Asia which have a complex history. Here, the authors analyse the genomes of 49 modern breeds and eight ancient samples and identify three distinct ancestries and multiple adaptive introgressions from other bovine species.

The seed coat of many leguminous species has a powdery bloom containing hazardous allergens. In wild soybeans, the bloom is controlled by the BLOOM1 gene, a mutation in which abolishes bloom and elevates seed oil content in domesticated strains.

Eutrophication increases the acidity of coastal waters. Model simulations suggest that the drop in pH in coastal waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico since pre-industrial times is greater than that expected from eutrophication and ocean acidification alone.

In a prespecified interim analysis of the multicenter, randomized, phase 3 FLAMES trial, maintenance therapy with a PARP inhibitor in patients with ovarian cancer showed prolonged progression-free survival compared with placebo in all subgroups defined by BRCA or homologous recombination status.

Working memory is a foundational component of cognition, but its mechanisms are poorly understood. Using a large sample of participants, this study identifies asymmetric dynamic interactions in cognitive control circuits, and their load-dependent network properties including controllability.

Zhang and colleagues report a function of the glycolytic enzyme α-Enolase 1 in iron homeostasis. In this setting it promotes the mRNA decay of IRP1, thereby suppressing ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

The authors report the structures of glutamate-gated kainate receptors in complex with NETO2 in both the resting and the desensitized states and reveal how kainate receptors in the brain are regulated by NETO2.

Late childhood is an important period for the development of inhibitory control underlying self-regulation and impulse control behavior. Here, the authors identify brain mechanisms and functional cortical-basal ganglia circuits that predict inhibitory control in children.

The distribution of dihedral angles in film state has significant influence on excited state lifetimes of thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters. Here authors report conformation distribution confinement strategy to achieve fast spin-flipping for efficient organic light-emitting diodes.

The secretome of hepatocytes and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells can contribute to cancer progression. Here the authors show that PRSS35 inhibits HCC progression through proteolytic depletion of CXCL2 and subsequently decreased neutrophil recruitment to tumours.

The Southern Annular Mode is a dominant climate variability mode in the Southern Ocean. Using observational data, the authors show a strong climatic modulation of ocean acidification via Southern Annular Mode -related winds.

Previous work has shown in iPSC derived neurons that synaptic impairments are associated with a 4bp DISC1 deletion. Here the authors demonstrate a role for the PDE4 signalling pathway in these synaptic impairments.

The rapid evolution of consumer electronics means that out-of-date devices quickly end up in the scrap heap. Here, the authors fabricate electrical components using biodegradable and flexible cellulose nanofibril paper—a natural sustainable resource derived from wood.

Understanding the electrochemical deoxygenation pathway of aldehydes and ketones is important yet challenging. Here the authors use acetaldehyde as a model system to elucidate the role of enols in the electroreduction of aldehydes and ketones, which may shed light on the reaction pathway of CO2 to C2 and C3 products.

Tuberous sclerosis is a neurological disorder associated with seizures and cognitive dysfunction. Alcino Silva and his colleagues find that rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mTOR signaling pathway, can ameliorate cognitive deficits in a mouse model of the disease.

This resource describes a collection of neurons from a variety of light microscopy-based datasets, which can serve as a gold standard for testing automated tracing algorithms, as shown by comparison of the performance of 35 algorithms.

The Indian Ocean Dipole is a key mode of interannual climate variability influencing much of Asia and Australia. A Review suggests that in response to greenhouse warming, mean conditions of the Indian Ocean will shift toward a positive dipole state, but with no overall shift in the frequency of positive and negative events as defined relative to the mean climate state.