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Colonic patches and isolated lymphoid follicles are lymphoid tissues that exist in the intestine. Ouyang and colleagues show that interleukin 22 maintains these structures and contributes to gut immune defenses during infection.

The T_H17 subset of helper T cells can produce interleukins IL-17 and IL-22, although regulation of these cytokines expression differ. Ouyang and colleagues show that TGF-β induces upregulation of the transcription factor c-Maf, which suppresses IL-22 expression.

Microglia are the tissue-resident macrophages of the brain. Ouyang and colleagues show the ER-resident transmembrane protein NRROS is necessary for proper development and function of microglia. Mice lacking NRROS exhibit neurologic defects and die prematurely.

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TASL are associated with an increased risk for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but how these SNPs and TASL contribute to disease is unclear. Here the authors demonstrate that Tasl is required for disease pathogenesis in pre-clinical mouse models of SLE, and that an SLE-associated SNP in TASL increases its protein translation.

The search for active semiconductor photocatalysts that split water directly under visible-light irradiation remains challenging for solar applications. An orthophosphate semiconductor, Ag₃PO₄, which is capable of harnessing visible light to oxidize water as well as decompose organic contaminants in aqueous solution is now reported.

The E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch limits interleukin 17A (IL-17A)-mediated intestinal inflammation by targeting the transcription factor ROR-γt for proteasomal degradation.

Oxygen redox instability at high voltages hinders the application of high-energy battery cathodes. Here the authors report that elimination of domain boundaries in single-crystal cathodes improves the redox stability and consequently the electrochemical performance in extended high-voltage cycling.

Computer haptics addresses tactile sensation and haptic rendering particularly for the Metaverse. Here, the authors report a design and implantation of a tactile scanner, to collect data used to render haptic feedback and recreate a feeling of touch.

The deubiquitinase enzyme DUBA is shown to act as a negative regulator of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) in T_H17 cells; DUBA interacts with and stabilizes the ubiquitin ligase UBR5, which in turn targets RORγt for degradation in the proteaseome, thus limiting IL-17A production.

Treatment of KRAS^G12C-mutant cancer cells with the KRAS(G12C) inhibitor AMG 510 leads to durable response in mice, and anti-tumour activity in patients suggests that AMG 510 could be effective in patients for whom treatments are currently lacking.

Cytokines that signal via IL-20R have been linked to autoinflammatory skin disease, but their role in infection is poorly understood. Datta and colleagues show that IL-20R signaling suppresses the production of IL-1β and IL-17 and dampens skin antibacterial responses.

The leucine-rich repeat protein NRROS which resides in the endoplasmic reticulum regulates phagocytic NADPH oxidase, minimizing collateral tissue damage caused by reactive oxygen species during inflammatory processes.

The efficacy of anti-angiogenic therapy for cancer could be improved if tumor resistance mechanisms were better understood. In this report, Napoleone Ferrara and his colleagues uncover a tumor resistance mechanism to VEGF-neutralizing antibodies triggered by IL-17, the hallmark cytokine of T_H17 cells.

IL-17C is induced in epithelia by bacterial and inflammation stimuli. Pappu and colleagues show that IL-17C signals in an autocrine manner through the IL-17RA-IL-17RE receptor complex to regulate epithelial immune responses.

IL-23 is needed to protect mucosal surfaces from bacterial pathogens. Murphy and colleagues identify a Notch-2-dependent CD11b⁺ dendritic cell population that produces IL-23 and is required for survival after infection with Citrobacter.

Psoriasis is associated with heightened T_H17 responses. Li and colleagues show that the IL-17R signaling adaptor Act1 requires the chaperone protein hsp90. Defective signaling leads to exuberant IL-22 production and enhanced disease.

Interleukin 22 receptor 1 (IL-22R1) activity affects the development and course of disorders including psoriasis, ulcerative colitis, certain infections and tumours, without directly regulating immune cell function. Here, the authors describe the biology of IL-22 and highlight the therapeutic potential of modulating the activity of IL-22 and/or its receptor IL-22R1.

In pre-clinical mouse models, the interleukin-22 pathway is identified as a novel target for therapeutic intervention in metabolic diseases.

An integrated RNA-sequencing approach demonstrates that CXCL13⁺ T_H1-like cells are preferentially enriched in microsatellite-instable tumours from patients with colorectal cancer, and IGFLR1 is identified as a co-stimulatory molecule.

IL-22 is one of the factors that, although important for wound healing, also promote tumorigenesis; the regulation of IL-22BP, the IL-22 binding protein, via the NLRP3 and NLRP6 inflammasomes provides an unanticipated mechanism, controlling IL-22 and thereby the development of colon cancer.

This Review describes the biology of the interleukin-20 (IL-20) subfamily of cytokines. The authors detail the cellular sources and targets of these cytokines, and explain their key roles in promoting immunity to infections and driving tissue repair. They also discuss the emerging roles for IL-20 subfamily cytokines in metabolism and tumour immunology.