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An approach to first-principles simulations that incorporates dynamically screened Coulomb interactions between iron d electrons enables the low-energy electronic structure and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy spectra of iron-based superconductors to be modelled with unprecedented accuracy.

The authors report on a temperate Earth-sized planet orbiting the cool M6 dwarf LP 791-18 with a radius of 1.03 ± 0.04 R_⊕ and an equilibrium temperature of 300–400 K, with the permanent night side plausibly allowing for water condensation.

Results of the TRACERx study shed new light into the association between body composition and body weight with survival in individuals with non-small cell lung cancer, and delineate potential biological processes and mediators contributing to the development of cancer-associated cachexia.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

A study of Mn-doped InAs quantum wells reveals unexpected metastable behaviour of magnetotransport phenomena at sub-kelvin temperatures, in structures that show at the same time the quantum Hall effect in high magnetic fields. These findings bridge the physics of two-dimensional carrier systems with phenomena specific to magnetically doped semiconductors.

Fibroblast heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment can explain their multifaceted role in cancer. Here by single-cell transcriptomic analysis of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma samples, the authors explore fibroblast heterogeneity in skin cancer and their potential to modulate the tumor-immune microenvironment.

Influenza virus infection causes injury to the lung. Here, Pervizaj-Oruqaj et al. show that Plet1 expressed by lung macrophages promotes epithelial repair by boosting epithelial cell proliferation and barrier function.

Strong electron–electron interactions create a charge-density wave that modifies the topological state of the Weyl semimetal (TaSe₄)₂I. This implies the possibility of experimentally simulating axion electrodynamics in a solid-state material.

Towards the end of their lives, stars like the Sun expand greatly to become red giant stars that oscillate. Such evolved stars could provide stringent tests of stellar theory through the analysis of radial and non-radial stellar oscillations. Here, the presence of such oscillations in more than 300 giant stars is reported, with mode lifetimes of some of the giants in the order of a month.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is associated with myofibroblast activation in the lungs and metabolic alterations. Here, the authors show that the antidiabetic drug metformin has antifibrotic effects in human-derived samples and mouse models, by modulating a number of metabolic pathways to induce lipogenic transdifferentiation of myofibroblasts.

Cells of the pulmonary vasculature show a hyperproliferative phenotype in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), thus contributing to the disease pathogenesis. Here the authors show that cyclin-dependent kinases are overactivated in PAH, and that their pharmacological inhibition attenuates the disease in two independent rodent models

Measurements of subclonal expansion of ctDNA in the plasma before surgery may enable the prediction of future metastatic subclones, offering the possibility for early intervention in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.

UDP-glucuronic acid is a component of the extracellular matrix. Here, the authors report biallelic variants in the gene encoding UDP-Glucose 6-Dehydrogenase (UGDH) in individuals affected by developmental epileptic encephalopathies that impair UGDH stability, oligomerization, or enzymatic activity in vitro.

As phase 1 of the Earth Microbiome Project, analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA sequences from more than 27,000 environmental samples delivers a global picture of the basic structure and drivers of microbial distribution.

Cognitive tasks require storing and manipulating information for short periods of time. Verbal working memory involves storing and manipulating speech information, but the underlying brain mechanisms remain unknown. The authors identify storage systems for sensory and motor representations and two distinct manipulation systems, demonstrating that multiple subsystems comprise verbal working memory.

Simultaneous optical and gamma-ray observations of nova V906 Carinae reveal correlated flares in both wavelength ranges that can be linked to shocks in the nova ejecta. Weak X-ray emission suggests that the shocks are deeply embedded, but they contribute substantially to the luminosity of the nova.

webKnossos is a browser-based tracing and annotation tool for 3D electron microscopy data sets that is optimized for seamless data viewing. The tool’s flight-mode view facilitates fast neurite tracing because of its egocentric viewpoint.

Direct neural recordings from electrodes over bilateral cortices show that sensory–motor transformations for speech occur bilaterally; neural responses are robust during both perception and production in an overt word-repetition task, and bilateral sensory–motor responses can perform transformations between speech-perception and speech-production representations during a non-word transformation task.

Liu et al. develop an artificial intelligence approach to automatically generate radiological reports for acute stroke MRIs. The system quantifies ischemic infarcts and reports their location, is publicly available, and runs with minimal computational requirements.