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The nonlinear dynamic interaction between optical comb frequencies and microresonator modes are not yet fully understood. Here, the authors demonstrate a method to characterize microcomb states and observe discrete phase steps that have not been observed in conventional frequency combs.

Laser-based time transfer with near quantum-limited acquisition and timing is demonstrated that can support femtosecond precision over 102 dB link loss, more than sufficient for future time transfer to geosynchronous orbits for future optical clock networks.

The authors demonstrate an exciting technique to cancel the common-mode vibration of a photonic resonator upon optical frequency division to microwave frequencies. The resulting 10 GHz microwave achieves 22.6 dB suppression of vibration noise, without incurring any penalty in phase-noise performance.

A synthesizer that combines a fixed low-noise photonic oscillator and a direct digital synthesizer—and is based on components that can all be integrated on chip—can create microwave signals that are tunable with low noise.

Optical clock networks have many applications from precision time keeping, sensing to fundamental physics. Here the authors demonstrate robust and free-space femtosecond time synchronization of optical clocks via a moving quadcopter.

We leverage advances in integrated photonics to generate low-noise microwaves with an optical frequency division architecture that can be low power and chip integrated.

The geometry dependence of the Casimir force could enable applications in nanomechanical systems if the effects can be enhanced. Here, the authors demonstrate that the Casimir force between two interpenetrating nanoscale gratings can exceed the proximity force approximation by a factor of 500.

Sea-based optical clocks combining a molecular iodine spectrometer, fibre frequency comb and electronics for monitoring and control demonstrate high precision in a smaller volume than active hydrogen masers.

Vestibular schwannomas that are caused by genetic mutations in the NF2 gene are hard to treat and lead to hearing loss. Here authors show in a mouse model that faithfully represents the human condition that combination therapy with anti-PD-1 and anti-VEGF inhibits tumor growth via normalizing the tumor vasculature and enhances T and NK cell antitumor cytotoxicity via upregulation of NKG2D.

The DNA origami vaccine platform DoriVac is shown to support multiplexed nanoparticles carrying diverse antigens against emerging infectious diseases and variants.

This author’s experiment demonstrated a stabilized low phase-noise optical terahertz source (dual-wavelength Brillouin laser) to the quantum rotational transition of a molecule (OCS) and achieved a fractional frequency instability of 5 × 10⁻¹² after 100ms of averaging.

Using two-way exchange between coherent frequency combs, each phase-locked to the local optical oscillator, optical time–frequency transfer is demonstrated in free space across a 2-km-long link, with a timing deviation of 1 fs, a residual instability below 10⁻¹⁸ at 1,000 s and systematic offsets below 4 × 10⁻¹⁹.

Interspecies comparisons between atomic optical clocks are important for several technological applications. A recently proposed spectroscopy technique extends the interrogation times of clocks, leading to highly stable comparison between species.

Extending the therapeutic window for acute viral infections could save lives. Here, the authors show that combination treatment with a human monoclonal antibody and remdesivir initiated at 6 days post infection with Marburg virus provides 80% protection in non-human primates.

Feng et al. compare the genome-wide binding and activity of two Drosophila Hox transcription factors that determine the identities of different fly legs. For binding events that are Hox specific, two cofactors, Exd and Dll, are used to achieve specificity in non-overlapping leg domains.

Accurately characterizing the noise influencing quantum devices is instrumental to improve coherence properties and design more robust control protocols. Sung et al. demonstrate non-Gaussian noise spectroscopy with a superconducting qubit, enabling the detection and characterization of dephasing noise without assuming Gaussian statistics.

Current treatment of fungal infections is threatened by emerging antifungal drug resistance. In this work, the authors explore the synergistic activity of a host defense peptide mimetic, brilacidin, with caspofungin against a panel of fungal strains.

A polymer code based on a triplet of parameters—network strand length, side-chain length and grafting density—enables materials to be designed with specific combinations of mechanical properties to mimic biological materials.

This Review describes quantum frequency combs that operate via photon entanglement, beginning with mode-locked quantum frequency combs followed by energy–time entanglement methods. The use of photonic integration and fibre-optic telecommunications components in enabling the quantum state control are also discussed.

Understanding kinase action requires precise quantitative and spatial measurements of their activity in vivo. Here the authors develop a proteomic kinase activity sensor technique (ProKAS) enabling multiplexed spatial, kinetic, and screening analyses of kinase activities via mass spectrometry.

An on-chip, sub-optical-cycle sampling technique for measuring arbitrary electric fields of few-femtojoule near-infrared optical pulses in ambient conditions is demonstrated, offering an improvement of roughly six orders of magnitude in energy sensitivity compared with those previous works in the near-infrared.

Traditional genomic methods identify RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and the genes they regulate, but do not provide predictive models. The authors used an emerging technology to obtain a complete thermodynamic model for RNA binding to the PUF4 RBP.

Suspension-feeding fish, such as goldfish and whale sharks, retain prey without clogging their oral filter. Using a cross-step filtration model based on fish morphology, Sanderson et al. show how vortices generated by this design could trap and transport particles even smaller than the filter pores.

Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor-integrated silicon photonics offers a scalable path to high-bandwidth, low-energy optical interconnects for data centres and artificial intelligence/high-performance computing. This Review surveys device maturity, multimaterial and 3D integration, electronics co-design and packaging trends and maps a path towards comb-enabled dense wavelength-division multiplexing, petabit bandwidth and sub-picojoule per bit efficiency.

The limited routes for polar texture engineering in materials restrict energy efficient applications. Here, the authors establish lattice chemistry control and the use of polarizing surfaces to manipulate electric dipole ordering in thin films.

An innovative method using superconducting sensors precisely measures the recoil energy of lithium-7 nuclei, setting a lower limit on the spatial extent of neutrino wavepackets, advancing understanding of neutrino properties and weak nuclear decays.

Red giants are evolved stars that have exhausted the supply of hydrogen in their cores and instead burn hydrogen in a surrounding shell. Once a red giant is sufficiently evolved, the helium in the core also undergoes fusion. However, it is difficult to distinguish between the two groups. Asteroseismology offers a way forward. This study reports observations of gravity-mode period spacings in red giants using high precision photometry obtained by the Kepler spacecraft. It is found that the stars fall into two clear groups, making it possible to distinguish unambiguously between hydrogen-shell-burning stars and those that are also burning helium.

A network of optical atomic clocks based on three different atomic species is reported and their frequency ratios are measured with uncertainties at or below 8 × 10⁻¹⁸.

The transcription factors TCF1 and LEF1 promote self-renewal and regulatory functions in B-1a cells.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Although combinations of drugs are often more potent than single agents, they are also believed to induce worse side effects. By screening >94,000 drug pairs in vitro, Lehár et al. show that synergistic combinations tend to be more selective than single drugs and are therefore unlikely to cause synergistic side effects.

Authors report MagNet, a plasma extracellular vesicle (EV) enrichment strategy using magnetic beads. Proteomic interrogation of this plasma EV fraction enables the detection of proteins that are beyond the dynamic range of mass spectrometry of unfractionated plasma.

Solvent-free, supersoft and superelastic polymer melts and networks made from bottlebrush macromolecules can display low modulus, high strain at break, and extraordinary elasticity.

On-chip optical-field emission devices may be useful for fast electronics and signal processing. Here the authors show a compact on-chip light phase detector capable of monitoring photocurrents oscillating at optical frequencies using electrically connected arrays of plasmonic bow-tie nanoantennae.

Identifying core mechanisms of immune cells is critical for understanding the evolution of animal immune function. Here, Vandepas et al. report that ctenophore immune-like cells release extracellular DNA traps when exposed to microbes.