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High-precision photoemission measurements determine that the superconducting pairing symmetry in KFe₂As₂ is the same as in other types of iron-based superconductors, despite having different features in the band structure.

Understanding high piezoelectricity in relaxors is challenging due to the heterogeneous structures. Here, the authors demonstrate that the competing local polar order-disorder state with balanced length and direction randomness is the key.

Most demonstrations of optical neural networks for computing have been so far limited to real-valued frameworks. Here, the authors implement complex-valued operations in an optical neural chip that integrates input preparation, weight multiplication and output generation within a single device.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is characterised with high heterogeneity and unfavourable prognosis. Here, the authors perform single cell transcriptomics to investigate the tumour microenvironment features of HNSCC initiation, progression, lymph node metastasis and recurrence.

Tibetan adaptation to the high-altitude environment represents a case of natural selection during recent human evolution. Here the authors investigated the chromatin and transcriptional landscape of umbilical endothelial cells from Tibetan and Han Chinese donors and provide genome-wide characterization of the hypoxia regulatory network associated high-altitude adaptation.

Insight-HXMT detected a double-peaked X-ray burst from Galactic magnetar SGR J1935+2154, consistent with two fast radio bursts (FRBs) observed from the same object within seconds. This coincidence suggests a common physical origin, and gives insight into the mechanism behind the origin of FRBs.

The CMS Collaboration reports evidence for off-shell Higgs boson contributions in the production of Z boson pairs, and measures the width of the Higgs boson, which is inversely related to its lifetime.

Spectral modulation of a broadband pump beam allows sensitive and specific molecular imaging based on stimulated Raman scattering. Measurements of cholesterol, protein, and stearic and oleic acid are reported.

RNA sequencing reveals widespread transcriptomic changes across the cerebral cortex in autism spectrum disorder, including primary sensory regions, in addition to association regions, as well as an attenuation of regional identity.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

There is strong interest in carbon nanotube assemblies for a variety of applications, many of which require combined high mechanical and electrical properties. Here, the authors demonstrate a rolling technique for performance improvement, reporting tensile strength of 4.34 GPa, ductility of 10% and electrical conductivity of 2.0 × 10⁴ S cm⁻¹.

PSR J1953+1844 (M71E) has an orbital period of 53.3 minutes and a companion with a mass of 0.07 M_⊙, making it a bridging object between redbacks and black widows in the evolutionary track.

Single-atom catalysts demonstrate enhanced catalytic properties, but most systems only explore combinations of a few different metals. Here, a library of 37 different elements is investigated, and it is shown that loading 12 metallic atoms in one system presents improved electrochemical activity.

Bayati et al. discovered that sequential treatment of iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons with α-synuclein fibrils and proinflammatory cytokines leads to the formation of Lewy body–like inclusions, through the downregulation of lysosomal proteins.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

While metallic glasses are expected to have tunable structures, these have rarely been demonstrated. Here, the authors combine temperature and pressure to show a two-way structural tuning in rare earth-based metallic glasses beyond the nearest-neighbor atomic shells.

Twisted bilayers of 2D semiconductors are being intensively investigated due to their emergent physical properties, but their controlled bottom-up synthesis remains challenging. Here, the authors report a confined-space chemical vapour deposition strategy to synthesize MoS₂ bilayers with twist angles ranging from 0° to 120°.

Kagome superconductors host a panoply of condensed matter phenomena, some of which are mediated by band topology. Here, authors use ARPES and DFT to identify type-II and type-III Dirac nodal lines, flat bands and topological surface states in the kagome metal CsTi₃Bi₅.

The use of a needle-shaped optical beam improves the depth of field for photoacoustic imaging.

Analysis of a set of 1,863 bursts from the repeating source FRB 20201124A provides evidence of a complicated magnetized site within about an astronomical unit from the source in a barred galaxy.

The authors observe a coherent Kondo lattice in a monolayer of VSe₂ grown on a superconducting 2H-NbSe₂ substrate. Superconductivity is established in the Kondo lattice through proximity effect from the substrate.

Reduction on cobalt reliance is an urgent requirement in the development of sustainable cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. Here the authors analyse the roles of cobalt and its interplay with other ions in high-nickel layered oxides, and deduce a material formula for promising cobalt-free cathodes.

Enhancing the intrinsic activity and space time yield of Cu based heterogeneous methanol synthesis catalysts is one of the major topics in CO₂ hydrogenation. Here the authors develop a highly active inverse catalyst composed of fine ZrO₂ islands dispersed on metallic Cu nanoparticles.

A biocompatible and biodegradable mesostructured form of silicon is used to make lipid-bilayer-supported bioelectric interfaces that can optically modulate the electrophysiology of single dorsal root ganglia neurons.

According to conventional wisdom, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) can only measure the magnitude of the superconducting gap but not its phase. Here, the authors propose a new method to directly detect the superconducting gap phase using ARPES and validate this technique on a cuprate superconductor.

The authors demonstrate high-order terahertz nonlinear magnonics using two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy, revealing the emergence of seventh-order spin-wave mixing and sixth harmonic magnon generation within an antiferromagnetic orthoferrite.

Exploring the diversity of the wild progenitor of the wheat D subgenome allows for rapid trait discovery.

Translation inhibition is a strategy for organisms to overcome various environmental stresses including viral infections. Here the authors show that a tRNA/rRNA-targeting RNase Schlafen13 inhibits protein synthesis by directly digesting cytoplasmic tRNA and rRNA with the ability to restrict viral propagation.

The existence and properties of tetraquark states with two heavy quarks and two light antiquarks have been widely debated. Here, the authors use a unitarized model to study the properties of an exotic narrow state compatible with a doubly charmed tetraquark.

The authors deposit non-superconducting metallic thin films on surfaces of the kagome Chern magnet TbMn₆Sn₆ and observe emergent superconductivity even though neither component is a superconductor. Furthermore, the superconducting state is quasi-two-dimensional and coexists with ferromagnetism, consistent with possible spin-triplet pairing and topological superconductivity.

Invisibility cloaks have attracted a tremendous amount of interest. Here, the authors present a strategy to realize ultra-broadband disappearing-space and time-shift camouflages by leveraging illusion metamaterials, thereby removing the longstanding bottleneck of limited bandwidth in invisibility.

The BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network has constructed a multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex in a landmark effort towards understanding brain cell-type diversity, neural circuit organization and brain function.

This overview of the ENCODE project outlines the data accumulated so far, revealing that 80% of the human genome now has at least one biochemical function assigned to it; the newly identified functional elements should aid the interpretation of results of genome-wide association studies, as many correspond to sites of association with human disease.

Multi-modal analysis is used to generate a 3D atlas of the upper limb area of the mouse primary motor cortex, providing a framework for future studies of motor control circuitry.

Adipocyte hyperplasia is thought to have beneficial metabolic effects in obesity, but definitive evidence is lacking. Here, Shao et al. promote de novo formation of adipocytes in visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) of adult mice through inducible overexpression of Pparg in Pdgfrβ⁺ preadipocytes and show that this protects from pathological WAT remodeling.

The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and treatment resistance is unclear. Here, the authors use transcriptome sequencing of matched normal, primary, and metastatic CRC tissues to discover and validate that lncRNA RAMS11 promotes metastasis and resistance to topoisomerase inhibitors in mCRC.

Light-sheet microscopy in the NIR-II window enables rapid volumetric imaging of tissues at impressive depths in vivo without invasive preparations owing to the reduced light scattering and tissue autofluorescence at these wavelengths.

Charged ferroelectric domain walls show promise for two-dimensional conduction, but their abundance within (Ca,Sr)₃Ti₂O₇ crystals is poorly understood. Here, Huang et al. discover topology related domain structures in such materials, which reveal the rich nature of hybrid improper ferroelectricity.

Random barcoded transposon sequencing screens of generalist and typhoidal Salmonella determine the fitness effects of genes in a range of stress conditions and during macrophage infection, characterizing unknown genes and identifying typhoidal-specific vulnerabilities.

The decay asymmetry and helicity phase of polarized baryon–antibaryon pairs are measured at the BESIII experiment, testing charge–parity symmetry and revealing a discrepancy of the Λ → pπ⁻ decay asymmetry with respect to the current world average.

The authors incorporate terrestrial biosphere models with ecological optimality theory, remote sensing and global carbon budget estimates to constrain the historical effects of CO₂ on photosynthesis. They show that CO₂ fertilization likely increased global photosynthesis by 13.5% between 1981 and 2020.

The design of highly multiplex PCR primers to amplify and enrich many different DNA sequences is increasing in biomedical importance as new mutations and pathogens are identified. The authors present and experimentally validate Simulated Annealing Design using Dimer Likelihood Estimation (SADDLE), a stochastic algorithm for design of highly multiplex PCR primer sets that minimize primer dimer formation.

The decomposition of solid state electrolyte material has been well-known in the literature. Here the authors report that the same decomposition process can be leveraged to act as a source of redox mediator that is only activated at certain voltages for application in Li₂S based cathodes.

Stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) is heavily investigated due to its role in improving lithium metal batteries. Here, the authors present a new strategy by employing electrolyte additives to construct stable multifunctional SEI via in situ anionic polymerization.

Different probes have found different superconducting pairing states in different iron-based high-temperature superconductors. Now transport measurements suggest that pressure drives the superconducting state in KFe₂As₂ from d-wave to s-wave.