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Superconducting electro-optic modulators for a cryogenic-to-room-temperature link are demonstrated. The record-low half-wave voltage of 42 mV is achieved on a 1-m-long modulator. By matching the velocity of microwave and optical signals, a 0.2-m-long modulator can achieve a 3 dB bandwidth of over 17 GHz.

PRS-CSx is a polygenic risk score construction method that improves cross-population polygenic prediction by integrating GWAS summary statistics from multiple populations.

Electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction into multicarbon products offers a means to close the anthropogenic carbon cycle using renewable electricity. Here, the authors report a cascade AgCu single-atom and nanoparticle electrocatalyst with favorable properties to improve the selectivity of multicarbon products.

Using spin-entangled baryon–antibaryon pairs, the BESIII Collaboration reports on high-precision measurements of potential charge conjugation and parity (CP)-symmetry-violating effects in hadrons.

The development of materials for efficient hydrogen storage is desirable. Now, hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks exhibiting both high volumetric and gravimetric hydrogen storage capacities have been synthesized; hydrogen-bonding interactions are key to guide the catenation of the structure, effectively minimizing the surface area loss in the supramolecular crystals.

Edge-localized plasma modes in a tokamak can damage its innermost wall. Simulations now show that fast ions can modify the spatio-temporal structure of these modes. These effects need to be considered in the optimization of control techniques.

Measurements of the inelastic cross section of anti-³He allow the estimation of the transparency of the Milky Way to the propagation of these light antinuclei produced in either cosmic-ray collisions or annihilation of dark-matter particles.

Lithium-rich layered oxides are promising cathode materials for next-generation batteries, but they suffer from long-standing problems such as voltage decay during cycling. Here the authors analyse the root cause of voltage decay and present a structure engineering strategy to mitigate the issue for a cobalt-free, lithium-rich layered oxide.

MIRA facilitates accurate inference of cell state trees and regulatory mechanisms driving cell fate decisions using single-cell multimodal data profiling gene expression and chromatin accessibility.

Tao et al. reported a series of cryo-EM structures of α-synuclein fibrils in complex with amyloid dyes and imaging tracers, and identified druggable pockets in the fibrils of multiple system atrophy.

Layered oxide cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries often experience irreversible phase transitions and structural instability. Now researchers have developed a P2-type oxide containing earth-abundant elements, featuring an intergrowth phase structure that enables long-cycle, high-energy sodium-ion batteries.

The authors observe a coherent Kondo lattice in a monolayer of VSe₂ grown on a superconducting 2H-NbSe₂ substrate. Superconductivity is established in the Kondo lattice through proximity effect from the substrate.

Observations of γ-rays with energies up to 1.4 PeV find that 12 sources in the Galaxy are PeVatrons, one of which is the Crab Nebula.

High-speed optical pulses can enhance system performance and data throughput in photonic-microwave hybrid circuits, but repeated illumination can degrade superconducting resonators’ performance. Here, by conducting experiments in vacuum and superfluid helium, the authors reveal the mechanisms of light-induced loss and demonstrate a three order-of-magnitude faster resonance recovery of niobium-based superconducting resonators in the superfluid helium environment.

Experiments realizing the indirect-drive fast ignition scheme for inertial confinement fusion are reported. Enabled by a tightly compressed target, an increase of neutron yield is observed.

This work presents a computational framework, COMMOT, to spatially infer cell–cell communication from transcriptomics data based on a variant of optimal transport (OT).

A prototype integrated Ti:Sa laser is demonstrated by bonding the Ti:Sa gain medium on silicon nitride microring resonators. Lasing is demonstrated between 730 nm and 830 nm with a threshold power as low as 6.5 mW.

TDP-43 binds to N¹-methyladenosine on CAG repeat RNA, resulting in the formation of gel-like TDP-43 aggregates in the cytoplasm that resemble those observed in neurological disease pathology.

Secretory autophagy (SA) plays a crucial role in neuroinflammation-driven neurodegeneration, through SKA2 and FKBP5. SKA2 regulation of SA can inhibit IL-1β release. Its dysfunction leads to neurodegeneration, and is linked to Alzheimer’s disease.

Up to 100 photons are resolved by a waveguide-integrated and hybrid spatiotemporal-multiplexed superconducting nanowire single-photon detector array. Using this detector array, photon statistical behaviour for a true thermal and a coherent light source is verified.

Antibody and antibody-avidity assays relying on near-infrared-fluorescence amplification by nanostructured plasmonic gold substrates accurately quantify antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and to common viruses in human serum and saliva.

The authors present on-chip and electromechanically reconfigurable nanokirigami with optical functionalities. 3D deformations are achieved via attractive electrostatic forces between a gold nanostructure layer and silicon substrate, resulting in optical reconfigurations with high modulation contrast and small unit size.

Through the approach of paracrystallization under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, exceptional toughening has been achieved in oxide glasses by enhancing their crystal-like medium-range order structure. This discovery offers possibilities for the design of more resilient glass materials.

Scaling photonic quantum information processing approaches remains challenging for integrated quantum optics. Here, Schuck et al.develop a hybrid superconducting-photonic circuit system to show how quantum interference and single-photon detectors can be combined in a scalable fashion on a silicon chip.

As studies continue sequencing with deeper coverage, computational processing of these profiles has become increasingly resource consuming. Here the authors designed an efficient computational method called Chromap to align and preprocess high throughput sequencing data from chromatin profiling techniques, including ChIP-seq, Hi-C, or scATAC-seq, with a major decrease in runtime.

For FRB 121102, 1,652 burst events are detected over 47 days, with a peak burst rate of 122 per hour, a bimodal burst rate energy distribution, and no periodicity or quasi-periodicity.

Clamping effects in ferroelestastic thin films limits their usefulness for applications such as sensitive mechanical sensors. Here, the authors report on non-local mechanical force induced switching in PbTiO₃ thin films by tuning the material to a state of nearly energetically degenerate co-existing domains.

The critical temperature of single-layer FeSe films is much higher than the bulk of other iron-based superconductors, but the mechanism for this is unclear. Adding to the puzzle, Liu et al.show that it is much more difficult to induce superconductivity in a double-layer FeSe film than a single layer.

Characterization of the distance over which TF binding influences gene expression is important for inferring target genes. Here the authors study this relationship using thousands of genomic data sets, finding two classes of TFs with distinct ranges of regulatory influence modulated by chromatin states of topologically associated domains.

In the cuprates, antiferromagnetic correlations might be the cause of the pseudogap phenomenon. Here the authors use neutron scattering on the tetragonal cuprate HgBa₂CuO_4+δrevealing commensurate antiferromagnetic excitations as a signature of the pseudogap state.

Electron beam lithography (EBL) is renowned to provide fabrication resolution in the deep nanometer scale but their incapability of arbitrary 3D nanofabrication poses a major limitation to the technique. Here, the authors demonstrate a manufacturing technique of functional 3d nanostructures at a resolution of sub-15 nm using voltage-regulated 3d EBL.

A series of genetic studies have led to the discovery of novel independent loci and candidate genes associated with red blood cell phenotype; for a proportion of these genes potential single-nucleotide genetic variants are also identified, providing new insights into genetic pathways controlling red blood cell formation, function and pathology.

T regulatory cells (Tregs) prevent immunopathology by inhibiting excessive T-cell activation. Here the authors show interactions between dendritic cells, Tregs and antigen-specific T cells in the lymph node during initiation of the immune response in real time by two-photon microscopy.

BRD4 has a pro-tumorigenic role but non-cell-autonomous mechanisms of BRD4 activation need to be elucidated. Here the authors unravel a mechanism by which CAFs activate BRD4 and induce resistance to BET inhibitors in cancer cells through IL6/IL8 signaling.

Yttrium iron garnet is a ferrimagnetic insulator which demonstrates robust photon-spin coupling in hybrid microwave cavity systems. Here, the authors demonstrate a magnon gradient memory based on the dark modes of a strongly-coupled system of multiple yttrium iron garnet spheres.

LiMCA offers a tool for co-profiling 3D genome structure and gene expression at the single-cell level, enabling researchers to elucidate the olfactory receptor gene selection process.

Frequency combs are useful for precision measurements and to explore atomic and molecular transitions. Here Liu et al. demonstrate photonic chip-based ultraviolet frequency combs of high coherence and broad spectral bandwidth by implementing cubic and quadratic nonlinearities in a non-centrosymmetric material.

Following a micro-then-nano growth sequence to fabricate composites that are blends of block-copolymer-based supramolecules, small molecules and nanoparticles shows that high-performance barrier materials can be manufactured by means of entropy-driven assembly.

GWAS have identified more than 500 genetic loci associated with blood lipid levels. Here, the authors report a genome-wide analysis of interactions between genetic markers and physical activity, and find that physical activity modifies the effects of four genetic loci on HDL or LDL cholesterol.

NeuroString, a tissue-like biological interface created by laser patterning of polyimide into a graphene/nanoparticle network embedded in an elastomer, is introduced, allowing in vivo real-time detection of neurotransmitters in the brain and gut.

At the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, observations of two meson species produced by heavy-ion collisions, ϕ and K^*0, show surprising patterns of global spin alignment, being unexpectedly large and consistent with zero, respectively.

The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and treatment resistance is unclear. Here, the authors use transcriptome sequencing of matched normal, primary, and metastatic CRC tissues to discover and validate that lncRNA RAMS11 promotes metastasis and resistance to topoisomerase inhibitors in mCRC.

Isocitrate lyase (ICL) isoforms 1 and 2 are enzymes in the glyoxylate and methylcitrate cycles that enable Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to use lipids as a carbon source. Here the authors present the ligand-free Mtb ICL2 and acetyl-CoA bound ICL2 crystal structures, which reveal a structural reorganisation upon acetyl-CoA binding that leads to an activation of its isocitrate lyase and methylcitrate lyase activities.

Triggering and sustaining fusion reactions — with the goal of overall energy production — in a tokamak plasma requires efficient heating. Radio-frequency heating of a three-ion plasma is now experimentally shown to be a potentially viable technique.

Though octave soliton microcombs are attractive for on-chip metrology and optical clocks, limitations in existing materials lead to increased chip integration complexity. Here, the authors report access to octave soliton microcombs and self-referencing using aluminium nitride nanophotonic chips.

Hybrid quantum systems would allow interfacing superconducting nodes with optical links. Here, the authors demonstrate an integrated platform where 10 GHz phonons are resonantly coupled with photons in a superconducting cavity and a nanophotonic cavity at the same time, allowing efficient mediation of bidirectional microwave-optical conversion.

Direct elevation of heart rate using noninvasive optogenetics in mice influences anxiety-like behaviours in specific environmental contexts, and the posterior insular cortex is implicated in this integration of signals from the heart with environmental risk information.

Signatures of an excitonic insulator have been reported in several two-dimensional materials. Here the authors report electronic properties of monolayer ZrTe₂ from ARPES and STM measurements that are consistent with the preformed exciton gas phase, a precursor for the excitonic insulator.