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A safe, versatile deaminative method converts aromatic amines into diverse C–X and C–C bonds via N-nitroamine intermediates, enabling broad one-pot cross-couplings without hazardous diazonium salts.

The authors demonstrate single-photon γ-ray imaging with pixelated CsPbBr3 semiconductor detector, providing enhanced energy resolution and improving performance uniformity by minimizing mechanically induced defects. This advances applications of perovskites in nuclear medicine.

The contribution of the extracellular matrix and its degradation to the aging process is not well understood. Here, the authors show that degraded elastin fragments, which increase in the circulation with age, promote aging, while counteracting elastin fragment signals alleviates inflammation, promotes healthy aging and extends lifespan.

Double-walled carbon nanotubes are a convenient system for studying quantum mechanical interactions in distinct but coupled nanostructures. Liu et al.characterize the coupling between radial-breathing mode oscillations of inner and outer walls of many double-walled nanotubes of different diameter and chirality.

Qin et al. report single crystalline columnar CsPbBr3 with thickness up to 2.2 cm in a hole-only virtual Frisch grid configuration for gamma-ray detector with energy resolution of 1.9% at 662 keV. Time-of-light measurement reveals hole multiplication due to the defect-assisted Auger recombination.

It is uncertain how much life expectancy of the Chinese population would improve under current and greater policy targets on lifestyle-based risk factors for chronic diseases and mortality behaviours. Here we report a simulation of how improvements in four risk factors, namely smoking, alcohol use, physical activity and diet, could affect mortality. We show that in the ideal scenario, that is, all people who currently smokers quit smoking, excessive alcohol userswas reduced to moderate intake, people under 65 increased moderate physical activity by one hour and those aged 65 and older increased by half an hour per day, and all participants ate 200 g more fresh fruits and 50 g more fish/seafood per day, life expectancy at age 30 would increase by 4.83 and 5.39 years for men and women, respectively. In a more moderate risk reduction scenario referred to as the practical scenario, where improvements in each lifestyle factor were approximately halved, the gains in life expectancy at age 30 could be half those of the ideal scenario. However, the validity of these estimates in practise may be influenced by population-wide adherence to lifestyle recommendations. Our findings suggest that the current policy targets set by the Healthy China Initiative could be adjusted dynamically, and a greater increase in life expectancy would be achieved.

The gut membrane-associated protein Mesh controls proliferation of gut bacteria by regulating dual-oxidase expression through an arrestin-mediated MAPK JNK/ERK phosphorylation cascade in Aedes aegypti and Drosophila melanogaster.

The genomic epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii, which is rising in virulence and multidrug resistance, was explored. This study examined bloodstream infection isolates from Chinese patients in 2011–2021, revealing increased genetic diversity and dominance of highly virulent ST208.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

We investigated the scintillation performance of centimeter lead-halide Cs₄PbBr₆ single crystal synthesized by a facile solution process. Cs₄PbBr₆ single crystal have been demonstrated with fast scintillation decay time, low detection limit, and without hygroscopic, which makes it ideal for indirection radiation detection applications. The alpha pulse height spectroscopy deconvoluted into two Gaussian functions were obtained. The clear X-ray imaging of a standard pattern plate with 600 μm interval width under a low dose rate below 3.3 μGy_air/s was collected. All these results indicate that this low-cost Cs₄PbBr₆ SCs scintillator is expected to be a promising low-dose X-ray imaging material.

Interpreting bone metastases (BMs) from computed tomography (CT) images remains challenging. Here, the authors develop an AI-based Bone Lesion Detection System - BLDS - and validate it in a cohort of 2,518 patients across five hospitals, showing highly sensitive and accurate performance for BM detection from CT scans.

Suraxavir marboxil, an antiviral drug designed to inhibit the polymerase acidic protein of influenza, alleviates symptoms in individuals with influenza faster than placebo in a phase 3 trial conducted in China.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

Understanding genetic regulation and the underlying mechanism for genetic associations with human phenotypes is complicated by cellular heterogeneity and linkage disequilibrium. Here, the authors propose an analytical framework to decode genetic variation of gene regulation at both cell-type and single-nucleotide levels.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

While most broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAb) against Influenza virus target conserved conformational epitopes of the glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA), Sun et al. characterize a lineage of bnAbs that neutralize group 1 and 2 strains. Structural characterization shows that antibody 28-12 binds a continuous epitope within H3 (group 2) but requires a conformational epitope for H1 (group 1) binding. Comparison of germline-reverted Ab and intermediate mutants provides evidence for an evolutionary adaptation from group 2 to group 1 strain.

The evolutionary trajectory of avian sex chromosomes may be more intricate than previously understood. In this study, sequencing and analysis of the neo-sex chromosomes and genome of the Crested Ibis suggests a multidirectional evolution of sex chromosomes in core waterbirds.

Single-cell RNA sequencing is used to generate a dataset covering all major human organs in both adult and fetal stages, enabling comparison with similar datasets for mouse tissues.

Nerve/glial antigen 2 (NG2) glia can sense synaptic inputs from neurons. Here, the authors show NG2 glia form functional GABAergic synapses by regulating inhibitory synaptic transmission onto adjacent hippocampal interneurons, and activation of NG2 glia induces anxiety-like behaviour in a mouse model of chronic social defeat stress.

The results of simultaneous measurements of the structure and optical properties of more than 200 single-walled carbon nanotubes are reported and included in an atlas that allows the chiral index of any single-walled nanotube to be determined from a measurement of its optical resonances, and vice versa.

A new family of four receptor kinases in Arabidopsis named CIKs act as co-receptors to integrate all three known CLAVATA3 signalling pathways, to maintain stem cell homeostasis in the shoot apical meristem.

A trade-off exists between improving crystallinity and minimizing particle size in the synthesis of perovskite-type transition-metal oxynitrides. The authors break this limitation to fabricate sub-50 nm ATaO2N (A = Sr, Ca, Ba) single nanocrystals exhibiting improved photocatalytic water-splitting performance

The dynamic and reversible S-palmitoylation of the transcription factor STAT3 enhances its activation and promotes the differentiation of T_H17 cells.

Functional peptides can be encoded by short open reading frames in non-coding RNA. Here, the authors identify a 87aa peptide encoded by the circular form of the long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA p53-induced transcript (LINC-PINT) that can reduce glioblastoma proliferation via interaction with PAF1 which sequentially inhibits the transcriptional elongation of some oncogenes.

Alpha-voltaic cells are used as an independent long-lifetime energy source, but their power conversion efficiencies are much lower than the theoretical limit. Here, an aluminium-doped gallium nitride alpha-voltaic cell was found to result in a high-power conversion efficiency of 4.51%.

Sun and colleagues show that the deubiquitinase Trabid mediates the TLR-induced deubiqutination and stabilization of the histone demethylase Jmjd2d at the Il12 and Il23 promoters in dendritic cells.