Strategies to induce a durable pool of antigen-specific regulatory T cells in vivo are of great interest for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Here, the authors present a dendritic cell (DC)-CD4+ T cell bispecific nanoparticle-based platform that delivers collagen II peptide and rapamycin and show that the formulation facilitates the spatial coupling of DCs and CD4+ T cells, promotes a tolerogenic microenvironment and alleviates symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis in a preclinical mouse model.
- Lei Zhao
- Zhongqiang Gao
- Xinyun Zhang
