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Direct ethanol fuel cells need efficient catalysts for ethanol oxidation. Here, the authors report confined heterostructural transformation in PtPdBiSn nanoplates that induces interphase electron distribution, achieving high activity and durability.

Single-cell RNA sequencing, whole-exome sequencing and spatial transcriptome sequencing of gallbladder adenocarcinomas from 75 patients stratifies the disease into groups with distinct clinical outcomes.

Methylation of nucleolar ribosomal DNA shifts during aging and in cellular senescence. Yan and colleagues engineer sensitive and photostable rRNA-selective dyes and present a fluorescence lifetime imaging strategy to quantify aging and senescence in cells, tissues, C. elegans, mice and human samples.

Genetic variation from coexisting species influences interspecific interactions in a community. Here, the authors develop a framework for identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying community dynamics and validate the tool using data from co-culturing of two bacterial species.

The genomic epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii, which is rising in virulence and multidrug resistance, was explored. This study examined bloodstream infection isolates from Chinese patients in 2011–2021, revealing increased genetic diversity and dominance of highly virulent ST208.

Using data from long-term nationwide observations and multi-level rainfall manipulative experiments, this study reveals that rice yield reductions due to extreme rainfall in China were comparable to those induced by extreme heat over the past two decades. Further projections highlight the increasing risk of rice yield reductions induced by extreme rainfall by the end of this century.

Cancer cells downregulate surface expression of major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) for immune evasion. Here, the authors show that rapid mitochondrial fission activates the ER-stress response leading to reduced MHC-I complex formation and cell surface expression in solid cancer cells; moreover inhibition of mitochondrial fission increases the immune-mediated anticancer response in murine models.

Two types of skyrmion-like polar nanodomain are observed in oxide bilayers transferred onto silicon, and these nanodomains, with distinct resistive behaviour, can be converted to each other under an external electric field.

Loss of cartilage tissue is a hallmark of osteoarthritis. Here the authors show that BNTA, a small molecule identified in a chemical screen, promotes ECM generation in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes and cartilage explants, and suppresses pathology in a rat model of osteoarthritis.

Emergent quantum phenomena such as quantized anomalous Hall effect may be realized in magnetic topological materials. Here, Hu et al. discovered an intrinsic natural heterostructural Z₂ antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi₄Te₇ with low out-of-plane saturation fields.

The genome of the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis is sequenced. This bivalve mollusc has a slow-evolving genome with features such as karyotype and Hox gene expression that may be close to that of the ancestral bilaterian.

This study demonstrates a role of cholesterol metabolism-related gene, Lrp3, in cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis pathogenesis. LRP3 positively regulates cartilage extracellular matrix metabolism by targeting syndecan-4 via Ras signalling, implicating the cholesterol-LRP3-SDC4 axis in osteoarthritic cartilage degeneration.

Healthy T cells are polyclonal, while malignant T cells are developing via clonal expansion. Here authors show that T cell tumours could be eradicated by chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting the T cell receptor (TCR) β-chain that is specific to malignant T cells, while healthy T cells using diverse TCR β-chains are spared.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) methods with high sensitivity are needed. Here the authors develop multiplex πFISH rainbow to detect a range of biomolecules; they also combine this with the hybridization chain reaction to develop πFISH+ technology for short nucleic acid fragment detection.

Operando tracking the ion dynamics/states of battery is critical to understanding of electrolyte-electrode interactions. Here the authors propose to use the surface plasmon waves to rapidly screen localized electrochemical events on a sub-μm-scale thickness adjacent to the electrode interface, without perturbing battery operation.

Viral infection of the respiratory system induces exuberant fibroblast activity, resulting in extensive remodelling of the extracellular matrix and cytokine release, which promote immune cell infiltration of the affected area at the expense of respiratory function.

Bivalve molluscs have evolved various characteristics to adapt to benthic filter-feeding. Here, Li et al investigate the genome, transcriptomes and proteomes of scallop Chlamys farreri, revealing evidences of molecular adaptations to semi-sessile life and neurotoxins.

The tumour lymph node microenvironment is an important contributor to the immune suppressiveness of tumours. Here authors target the tumours and the lymph node simultaneously via a pH and photothermal therapy targeted nanoparticle, and show mobilisation of anti-tumour cytotoxic T cells and NK cells and synergistic therapeutic effect with immune checkpoint blockade.

The development of the efficient catalyst in the direct H2O2 synthesis (DHS) from H2 and O2 remains a formidable challenge. Here, the authors develop a two-step approach to prepare a layer of Pd oxide on PdSn nanowires which displays superior reactivity in the DHS at zero Celcius.

A versatile top-down strategy has been shown to produce amorphous oxides through amorphization of corresponding hydroxides. This approach was used to generate various unitary, binary and ternary amorphous oxides for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution.

Exploiting negative capacitance effects in organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) is advantageous for enhancing device performance. Here, the authors report solution-processed sub-thermionic OTFTs and circuits with ferroelectric hafnium oxides that show ultra-low power and ultra-high gain.

DGCR8 is a component of the canonical microprocessor complex for microRNA biogenesis. Here the authors implicate DGCR8 in heterochromatin maintenance and aging attenuation independent of its miRNA-processing activity through Lamin B1, KAP1 and HP1 interaction. DGCR8 overexpression can alleviate aging and senescence

The sequencing and assembly of the highly polymorphic oyster genome through a combination of short reads and fosmid pooling, complemented with extensive transcriptome analysis of development and stress response and proteome analysis of the shell, provides new insight into oyster biology and adaptation to a highly changeable environment.

Here the authors demonstrate how the reaction selectivity of catalytic platinum nanowires can be controlled through surface modification with organic ligands.

Understanding of atomically dispersed metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) for electrochemical nitrate reduction is important and of high interest. Here, the authors employ a series of M-N-C catalysts to investigate selectivity correlation between nitrate and nitrite reduction.

The use of biomarkers of ageing is crucial for investigating age-related processes. This Review discusses biomarkers of ageing and of ageing-associated physiological changes, at the cellular, tissue and organism levels in humans and non-human primates.

This study describes a series of new gene-regulatory sequences that restrict expression of viral transgenes to specific interneuron subtypes, allowing for selective monitoring and manipulation of their activity from mice to humans.