High-efficiency thermal insulation materials are essential for extreme terrestrial and space environments, yet achieving such performance with natural materials remains challenging. Here, the authors reveal that low-porosity lunar agglutinates from the Chang’E-5 mission exhibit ultra-low thermal conductivities of ~8 mW m⁻¹ K⁻¹ under vacuum, surpassing synthetic aerogels, thereby redefining insulation design principles via non-porosity-dominated microstructural mechanisms.
- Ziwei Tian
- Jie Zheng
- Ziyuan Ouyang
