Vesicle-associated viruses are an emerging viral form with implications for infectivity and environmental transmission. Wastewater sampling and selective vesicle isolation show that a substantial share of noroviruses and many other human, animal, plant and bacterial viruses occur in vesicles, underscoring their relevance for wastewater treatment and public health.
- Yuepeng Sun
- Hongyue Zhang
- Yun Shen
