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A full-cell-level accelerating rate calorimetry test requires large batteries, leading to high costs. The authors design small cylindrical pouch cells (~21 mAh, ~0.1 g cathode material) for lab-scale accelerating rate calorimetry tests, enabling efficient safety screening and faster high-safety battery development.

A genome-wide association study highlights a variant in DOCK2, which is common in East Asian populations but rare in Europeans, as a host genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19.

It is expected that tropical deforestation and related increases in heat exposure have negative impacts on labour productivity, but the size of the effect is not well known. Here, the authors show that deforestation reduces productivity by 8.22% in rural Indonesia and causes behavioural adaptation responses like more work breaks.

A single-cell multiomic immune cell atlas from 235 Japanese, including patients with COVID-19 and healthy individuals, linked with host genetics including germline and somatic mutation, plasma proteomics and metagenomics data reveals that immune cells are dynamically regulated in a cell state-dependent manner.

Signal processing in electronic devices is in the THz regime. Here the authors measure NIR lightwave-field-induced multiple dipole oscillations in Cr:Al₂O₃ in the time domain reaching PHz scale by using an isolated attosecond pulse and this method shows potential for higher speed signal processing.

Purinergic receptor activation by extracellular ATP in the dorsal horn contributes to neuropathic pain, but which cell types release ATP in this context is not known. The authors show in a mouse model of neuropathic pain that ATP is released by dorsal horn neurons, a process requiring the vesicular nucleotide transporter, VNUT.

Plant colonization of land is an important evolutionary event. Here, the authors sequence the genome of a filamentous terrestrial alga and, through a comparative analysis with related algae and land plant species, provide insight into how aquatic algae adapted to terrestrial environments.

Rich evidence of the potential co-benefits and trade-offs of natural climate solutions is available but remains poorly understood. Assessing the literature with machine learning methods, this study maps and analyses the growing evidence of trade-offs in natural climate solutions globally.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 73 Japanese patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 75 healthy controls were analyzed using single-cell transcriptomics. Combining these data with genotyping data highlights the interplay between host genetics and the immune response in modulating disease severity.

Analysis of the blood DNA virome in patients with COVID-19 and autoimmune disease associates endogenous HHV-6 (eHHV-6) and high anellovirus load with increased disease risk, most notably for systemic lupus erythematosus. eHHV-6 carriers show a distinct immune response.

Prescribed burning is a common tool to mitigate the risk of dangerous wildfires. However, careful consideration of the public health impacts should be incorporated into forest management plans.

Too many studies go unread. Collate them to enable synthesis and guide decision-making in sustainability, urge Madeleine C. McKinnon and colleagues.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

This study presents the first annual update of the indicator framework developed by the Food Systems Countdown Initiative, published in Nature Food in 2023. Almost half of all indicators show some desirable trends. Governance and resilience indicators were revealed as the most connected across themes, constituting entry points for transformative change.

A network experiment in a major environmental NGO finds that the diffusion of innovation is four times more likely when information regarding novel practices is targeted to staff members who participate in a greater number, and a more diverse set, of projects.

A new study shows that tropical silvopasture systems can provide significant cooling services for local communities, and identifies where these silvopasture systems can most effectively counteract global climate change to help communities adapt to warming.

Solar-pumped laser systems are attractive for applications including hydrogen generation and space propulsion, but current technologies are cumbersome and rely on accurate tracking of the sun’s light. Here, lasing is achieved using a planar, luminescent solar collector removing the need for lenses or tracking.

Neuropathic pain hypersensitivity is known to undergo diurnal variations, although the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Using a sciatic nerve-injury mouse model, the authors find such diurnal changes are mediated by glucocorticoid induced enhancement of ATP release from astrocytes via pannexin-1 hemichannels.

The ppGpp-dependent control of cell activities, namely the stringent response, has been elusive in eukaryotes. Arabidopsis mutant analysis now shows that plant stringent response controls organelle function and contributes to systematic growth.

Holistic indicator frameworks are needed to track food systems transformation. This Analysis shows the application of a framework recently developed by the Food Systems Countdown Initiative to all UN member states, revealing current status, data gaps and priority actions.

Evidence-based approaches to sustainability challenges must draw on knowledge from the environment, development and health communities. To be practicable, this requires an approach to evidence that is broader and less hierarchical than the standards often applied within disciplines.

Fujimaki et al. show that soluble Dll4 from endothelial cells triggers atrophy in myofibres via Notch2 signalling, suggesting Dll4 as a therapeutic target for muscle atrophy.

Natural climate solutions can mitigate climate change but misunderstandings about what constitutes a natural climate solution generate unnecessary confusion and controversy. This Perspective distills five foundational principles of natural climate solutions and fifteen operational principles for practical implementation.

A meta-analysis of 117 studies to determine the impacts of land tenure security on socio-environmental outcomes and sustainable development.

An E3 ligase TRAF7 regulates time-of-the-day-dependent expression of DBP proteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome system, providing insight into the posttranslational regulation of clock proteins in the mammalian circadian clockwork.

A tetravalent peptide can finely modulate the multivalent interaction between RANK and TRAF6 to inhibit osteoclastogenesis by specifically inhibiting the recruitment of MAPK kinase 3 to TRAF6 without affecting other signal transducers.

Ito et al. succeed in detecting guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) in measurable levels in metazoan, specifically in Drosophila. They further demonstrate that the ppGpp-specific hydrolase, metazoan SpoT homolog-1 (Mesh1), is necessary, at least in certain conditions, to maintain low ppGpp levels, hence providing insights into the role of Mesh1 as a ppGpp hydrolase in vivo.